Americans have been fascinated with the concept of war for centuries. War has evolved from a last resort into an opportunity for America to prove its superiority against other countries, and to instill fear within the nation. In short, war is a grandiose weapon. In the novel, The New American Militarism: How Americans Are Seduced by War, Andrew J. Bacevich discusses the relationship that has existed and continues to exist between America and war. Although Bacevich is able to pinpoint a plethora of explanations as to how militarism has evolved into what it is now, he does not present a clear thesis.…
The Norton Mix: A New Understanding of Conflict The Norton Mix, contain many articles that are informative, descriptive, and easy to understand. The Norton Mix is able to efficiently communicate its message to the reader in order for them to effortlessly write a paper. One main issue that was outstanding throughout this book was conflicts and wars, facilitating the task of writing an analysis which can bind many of these articles together. The Norton Mix is recommended to a new college student who is not open to new ideas because of its readability attributes.…
Face-threatening acts is acts that essentially infringe on hearer’s face-wants. The relationship between degree of threat and type of strategy used is able to be explained ‘The more threatening an act is, the more polite and indirect are the means used to accomplish it’. Face threat vary in terms of threat involved. First, some threaten hearer’s negative face by imposing on hearer. Second, other face threatening acts intimidate hearer’s positive face by indicating speaker’s lack of concern for hearer’s self-image.…
Terrorist a Villain or a Hero? War exists, terrorism exists and they will continue. Just War is a doctrine used by nations such as the United States that justifies war. When there are horrendous acts occurring on or by people it can be morally implied to go to war. A war that is deemed as moral is widely supported as a country is fighting for what they believe in.…
The world of 2025 will bulge with volatility, uncertainty, complexity, and ambiguity (VUCA) characteristics. Todays Globalization makes information on advance and lethal technology available to near-peer states, poor states, non-states and individuals. This infusion of information and technology to potential adversaries will challenge the U.S. competitive advantages in many, if not all, domains in the military spectrum in the near future. The United States’ fiscal challenges and current budgetary practices add much complexity to the world of 2025.…
Nick Mariano Dr. Mark Wilson ETH 2050 24 November 2014 Game of Drones In the Civil War, Confederate generals like Robert E. Lee dismissed guerilla warfare as dishonorable and immoral. It was akin to shooting a man in the back, they said. Today, guerilla warfare forms the foundation of modern military strategy.…
Throughout the cold war, the intelligence policy has been characterised by a certain degree of continuity throughout the different administrations. The first President to remove a Director of Central Intelligence in charge in favour of a party-affiliated DCI was President Carter in 1976, who did not confirm the mandate of then DCI Bush. Despite that episode, continuity has profoundly marked the work of the Intelligence, by assuring it a stable structure, endowed with autonomy, and by maintaining an exclusive focus on the Soviet threat, which remained at a priority of the US agenda regardless of the President in charge.…
’The center of gravity means something to everyone, but not the same to anyone’ (Saxman, 1992 p. 4) Introduction Since Prussian military theorist Carl von Clausewitz’s treatise of On War was pub-lished in 1832 (Clausewitz, 1989 p. XI), the world has changed. Indeed, one could argue that Clausewitz, developing his theories, was never able to visualize dynamic and complex environment of contemporary warfare, fighting the enemies like al Qaeda or little green men, likewise, envisioned new domains of cyber and space to be emerged. The armed forces in various theatres and in a situation of diverging and converging threats, are currently expected to conduct wide range of operations ranging from the counterinsurgency to full-scale military operations. As boundaries between symmetric and asymmetric, irregular and regular continue to blur,…
A paramilitary is a semi-militarized force whose organizational structure, tactics, training, subculture, and (often) function are similar to those of a professional military, but which is not included as part of a state's formal armed forces.[1] Under the law of war, a state may incorporate a paramilitary organization or armed agency (such as a national police, a private volunteer militia) into its combatant armed forces. The other parties to a conflict have to be notified thereof.[2] The use of the term paramilitary can be debated, but the general consensus being of a combatant force or organization, more military-like than civilian. Organizations that have been described as paramilitary are as diverse as the Minutemen, Black Panthers,…
Hezbollah is a non-state, third-party actor as they do not represent the forces of a particular nation…
Article Review: Herfried Münkler (2003) ‘The wars of the 21st century’ This article review will critically analyze the aims, objective and findings within Herfried Münkler (2003) ‘The wars of the 21st century’. Primarily looking at the positives and negatives of the main arguments Münkler highlights as the prominent features of the twenty-first century and how such wars, constitute as ‘new wars’. The author explores three key features: asymmetry, demilitarization and the return of privatization and commercialization since the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries. The first section of this article review will outline Münkler’s article and summaries the key areas of which he focuses on.…
There are two types of terrorist groups that can cause major problems for the United States. One group is known as domestic and the other transnational. In this paper I will describe the two groups and explain how different their methods are when it comes to terrorism. The difference between domestic terrorism and transnational terrorism is that domestic terrorism is homegrown which means the target, venue, and perpetrators are from the same country.…
This chapter will focus on the U.S. military’s shift from deploying large conventional fighting forces to Special Operations Forces due to America fighting a different type of enemy, radical insurgencies. America is not fighting a large conventional army like the Iraqi Army again; they are fighting insurgencies. The best way to eliminate these insurgencies is to send in SOF because they have the ability to train local militant groups behind enemy lines and perform direct action missions to eliminate these insurgencies before they spread any further. In short, this chapter focuses on the rise of terrorist backed insurgencies in Afghanistan and Iraq, which is causing the U.S. military to shift away from conventional fighting forces to SOF. Additionally,…
While discussing hybrid threats, we typically look outwardly at other nations and entities and how they are a hybrid threat to us and our interests as Americans. Can we as Americans be a hybrid threat? The definition in TC 7-100 states it is the diverse and dynamic combination of regular forces, irregular forces, and/or criminal elements unified to achieve mutually benefitting effects. Throughout history time and time again have we not been that hybrid threat to our enemies? In the early days of most escalated conflicts we have either in secret or overtly aligned ourselves with irregular forces and/or other nation’s forces for the benefit of our agenda globally.…
The Vietnam War fought by America is easily one of the most complicated. The United States faced many different complexities. Karl Lowe describes the complexities in the beginning of his essay “Hybrid Warfare in Vietnam”. He talks about how there were many “layers” politically between the different civil wars being fought along with the Cold War implications. He says “With that layering, the war in Vietnam was inherently a hybrid conflict in which state-of-the-art conventional arms and tactics commingled with the tools and techniques of guerrilla and counterinsurgency warfare.”…