Chapter-1
Introduction Concept:
A hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) augments an electric vehicle (EV) with a second source of power referred to as the alternative power unit (APU).
A hybrid can achieve the cruising range and performance advantages of conventional vehicles with the low-noise, low-exhaust emissions, and energy independence benefits of electric vehicles
Accordingly, the hybrid concept, where the alternative power unit is used as a second source of energy, is gaining acceptance and is overcoming some of the problems of pure electric vehicles.
What Is hybrid vehicle?
Any vehicle that combines 2 or more sources of power is said to be hybrid.
Relies not only on batteries but also on an internal combustion engine which drives a …show more content…
The top tube of it is connected to the middle of the seat tube instead of the top that gives us a lower standover height. This type of design helps to easily dismount the rider off the bicycle.
Cantilever Frame:
In this type of frame the seat stays continue past the seat post and curve downwards to meet with the down tube. In some cantilever frames the only straight tubes are the seat tube and the head tube.
Recumbent Frame:
The recumbent bicycle places the rider in a laid-back reclining position. The cranks is moved to forward of the rider instead of underneath, generally improving the slipstream around the rider without the characteristic sharp bend at the waist.This type of design is selected for ergonomic reasons. The weight is distributed comfortably over a larger area which is supported by back and buttocks.
Folding Frame:
It is a bicycle designed to fold into a compact form so it can be transported and stored easily. The folded bikes can be easily carried into buildings or on transport vehicle and more easily stored in compact living quarters or aboard a car, boat or plane. …show more content…
A hub motor to be centrally mounted within a wheel of a wheeled vehicle to make the wheeled vehicle operate by electric power. The motor assembly comprises a contained unit which includes a rotationally driven motor housing that is connected directly to the tire supporting rim of the bicycle wheel. Rotation of the motor housing will result in similar rotation of the tire supporting rim of the bicycle wheel. The motor housing has an internal chamber and within that internal chamber is located a stator and a rotor. The stator is fixedly mounted onto a centre shaft which passes through the motor housing which is fixedly mounted to the bicycle frame. The rotor is to be rotated by the electrical energy being supplied to the stator with this rotation being transferred through a drive shaft to a driven gear. This driven gear is mounted within the internal chamber of the motor housing. A one-way clutch is to be mounted between the driven gear and the motor housing so that the normal driving torque of the driven gear will cause rotation of the motor housing but any torque in the opposite direction will not be transferred to the motor housing.
There are two main types of hub motors:
1. Geared hub motor
2. Gearless hub motors
Gearless/Direct drive Hub motor:
In geared hub motor there is an axle which passes through the centre of the motor which is the axle of the motor itself
Introduction Concept:
A hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) augments an electric vehicle (EV) with a second source of power referred to as the alternative power unit (APU).
A hybrid can achieve the cruising range and performance advantages of conventional vehicles with the low-noise, low-exhaust emissions, and energy independence benefits of electric vehicles
Accordingly, the hybrid concept, where the alternative power unit is used as a second source of energy, is gaining acceptance and is overcoming some of the problems of pure electric vehicles.
What Is hybrid vehicle?
Any vehicle that combines 2 or more sources of power is said to be hybrid.
Relies not only on batteries but also on an internal combustion engine which drives a …show more content…
The top tube of it is connected to the middle of the seat tube instead of the top that gives us a lower standover height. This type of design helps to easily dismount the rider off the bicycle.
Cantilever Frame:
In this type of frame the seat stays continue past the seat post and curve downwards to meet with the down tube. In some cantilever frames the only straight tubes are the seat tube and the head tube.
Recumbent Frame:
The recumbent bicycle places the rider in a laid-back reclining position. The cranks is moved to forward of the rider instead of underneath, generally improving the slipstream around the rider without the characteristic sharp bend at the waist.This type of design is selected for ergonomic reasons. The weight is distributed comfortably over a larger area which is supported by back and buttocks.
Folding Frame:
It is a bicycle designed to fold into a compact form so it can be transported and stored easily. The folded bikes can be easily carried into buildings or on transport vehicle and more easily stored in compact living quarters or aboard a car, boat or plane. …show more content…
A hub motor to be centrally mounted within a wheel of a wheeled vehicle to make the wheeled vehicle operate by electric power. The motor assembly comprises a contained unit which includes a rotationally driven motor housing that is connected directly to the tire supporting rim of the bicycle wheel. Rotation of the motor housing will result in similar rotation of the tire supporting rim of the bicycle wheel. The motor housing has an internal chamber and within that internal chamber is located a stator and a rotor. The stator is fixedly mounted onto a centre shaft which passes through the motor housing which is fixedly mounted to the bicycle frame. The rotor is to be rotated by the electrical energy being supplied to the stator with this rotation being transferred through a drive shaft to a driven gear. This driven gear is mounted within the internal chamber of the motor housing. A one-way clutch is to be mounted between the driven gear and the motor housing so that the normal driving torque of the driven gear will cause rotation of the motor housing but any torque in the opposite direction will not be transferred to the motor housing.
There are two main types of hub motors:
1. Geared hub motor
2. Gearless hub motors
Gearless/Direct drive Hub motor:
In geared hub motor there is an axle which passes through the centre of the motor which is the axle of the motor itself