Introduction Evolution is the theory of how organisms change over time. Scientist believe evolution is a reliable theory by studying anatomy, biochemicals, fossils, and embryology. When studying these they notice the structural similarities. Through these studies scientist can conclude that each organism shares one common ancestor. The purpose of this lab was to observe the bone anatomy of certain animals to find similarities in them. Also doing this experiment i noticed that some of the skulls had similar names and structures.
Hypothesis
If the skull has a higher placed opisthion, then it is a bipedalist.
Variables
Dependent: The skull volume Independent: The tools that we use and the way we measure each skull
Materials
Skulls (11)
Caliper
Ruler
Protractor
Observations Skull Name
General Description
Ardipithecus ramidus
Tiny jaw, small head, quadrupedal
Australopithecus aethiopicus
Wide head, and not very lengthy, bipedal
Australopithecus afarensis
Long head and large jaw, bipedal
Australopithecus africanus
Just like the Australopitheus afarensis, bipedal
Australopithecus boisei
Flat head, line across skull, prognathic lower jaw, bipedal
Homo erectus
Long skull, prognathic lower jaw, bipedal
Homo habilis
Skull like a homo sapien, bipedal
Homo heidelbergensis
Related to homo sapien, bipedal, normal jaw
Homo neanderthalis
Abnormal nose, look like …show more content…
The measuring was off, so there is no perfect way to see the relativity between them. Every organism were bipedalist except Sahelanthropus tchadensis and Ardipithecus ramidus. Although they were mostly bipedalist some were more upright than others. Going from left to right on the cladogram, the homo sapien would be more bipedal than the Homo erectus. Most likely the food these organisms and the environment caused the body to change which is where scientist noticed some vestigial structures
Hypothesis
If the skull has a higher placed opisthion, then it is a bipedalist.
Variables
Dependent: The skull volume Independent: The tools that we use and the way we measure each skull
Materials
Skulls (11)
Caliper
Ruler
Protractor
Observations Skull Name
General Description
Ardipithecus ramidus
Tiny jaw, small head, quadrupedal
Australopithecus aethiopicus
Wide head, and not very lengthy, bipedal
Australopithecus afarensis
Long head and large jaw, bipedal
Australopithecus africanus
Just like the Australopitheus afarensis, bipedal
Australopithecus boisei
Flat head, line across skull, prognathic lower jaw, bipedal
Homo erectus
Long skull, prognathic lower jaw, bipedal
Homo habilis
Skull like a homo sapien, bipedal
Homo heidelbergensis
Related to homo sapien, bipedal, normal jaw
Homo neanderthalis
Abnormal nose, look like …show more content…
The measuring was off, so there is no perfect way to see the relativity between them. Every organism were bipedalist except Sahelanthropus tchadensis and Ardipithecus ramidus. Although they were mostly bipedalist some were more upright than others. Going from left to right on the cladogram, the homo sapien would be more bipedal than the Homo erectus. Most likely the food these organisms and the environment caused the body to change which is where scientist noticed some vestigial structures