Human papillomavirus (HPV)
1. Characteristics of the disease
Human papilloma virus (HPV) infections produce epithelial lesions of non-genital and genital skin as well as mucous membranes. HPV infections are common throughout the world. Although most HPV infections cause no symptoms, persistent genital HPV infection can lead to cervical cancer in women, the second most common cancer in women.
The ability of HPV to cause cervical cancer was first shown in the 1970s for epidermodysplasia verruciformis, a rare form of widespread non-genital warts that could further progress to squamous cell cancer. In the 1980s, HPV DNA was identified in the majority of cervical cancers, and subsequent epidemiologic studies confirmed that virtually all cases …show more content…
The cough can be severe and last for more than two weeks. While most people recover from fever and other symptoms within a week, influenza can cause severe illness or death, especially in those at high risk, such as infants and the elderly. Worldwide, annual epidemics of influenza are estimated to result in three to five million cases of severe illness, and approximately 290,000 to 650,000 respiratory deaths.
Seasonal influenza is easily spread, with rapid transmission occurring in crowded areas through infectious droplets dispersed when infected individuals cough or sneeze. Hands contaminated with influenza viruses can also easily spread the virus.
Epidemics of respiratory diseases consistent with influenza have been recorded since the 16th century. During the 19th century, influenza was attributed to Haemophilus influenzae and early vaccination efforts utilized H. influenzae extracts. However, isolation of the influenza A virus in 1933 rapidly led to the identification the viruses causing previous epidemics respiratory …show more content…
Mumps
1. Characteristics of the disease
Mumps is an infection caused by the mumps virus, which belongs to the Paramyxoviridae family. Mumps is predominantly a childhood disease, most often affecting children between five and nine years old. However, the mumps virus can also infect adults, and subsequent complications are more likely to be serious when adults are infected.
Mumps is highly contagious and can spread rapidly via direct human-to-human contact or airborne droplets. Initial symptoms typically include a headache and fever, followed by the characteristic swelling of the salivary glands. Complications caused by mumps include meningitis, orchitis, and deafness. In very rare cases, mumps can cause encephalitis and permanent neurological damage.
Hippocrates first described mumps in the 5th century BC, where he noted outbreaks amongst young males displaying swelling around the ears. Cultivation of the mumps virus in the developing chick embryo was first achieved in 1945 and made it possible to develop inactivated as well as live virus vaccines.
2. Characteristics of the
1. Characteristics of the disease
Human papilloma virus (HPV) infections produce epithelial lesions of non-genital and genital skin as well as mucous membranes. HPV infections are common throughout the world. Although most HPV infections cause no symptoms, persistent genital HPV infection can lead to cervical cancer in women, the second most common cancer in women.
The ability of HPV to cause cervical cancer was first shown in the 1970s for epidermodysplasia verruciformis, a rare form of widespread non-genital warts that could further progress to squamous cell cancer. In the 1980s, HPV DNA was identified in the majority of cervical cancers, and subsequent epidemiologic studies confirmed that virtually all cases …show more content…
The cough can be severe and last for more than two weeks. While most people recover from fever and other symptoms within a week, influenza can cause severe illness or death, especially in those at high risk, such as infants and the elderly. Worldwide, annual epidemics of influenza are estimated to result in three to five million cases of severe illness, and approximately 290,000 to 650,000 respiratory deaths.
Seasonal influenza is easily spread, with rapid transmission occurring in crowded areas through infectious droplets dispersed when infected individuals cough or sneeze. Hands contaminated with influenza viruses can also easily spread the virus.
Epidemics of respiratory diseases consistent with influenza have been recorded since the 16th century. During the 19th century, influenza was attributed to Haemophilus influenzae and early vaccination efforts utilized H. influenzae extracts. However, isolation of the influenza A virus in 1933 rapidly led to the identification the viruses causing previous epidemics respiratory …show more content…
Mumps
1. Characteristics of the disease
Mumps is an infection caused by the mumps virus, which belongs to the Paramyxoviridae family. Mumps is predominantly a childhood disease, most often affecting children between five and nine years old. However, the mumps virus can also infect adults, and subsequent complications are more likely to be serious when adults are infected.
Mumps is highly contagious and can spread rapidly via direct human-to-human contact or airborne droplets. Initial symptoms typically include a headache and fever, followed by the characteristic swelling of the salivary glands. Complications caused by mumps include meningitis, orchitis, and deafness. In very rare cases, mumps can cause encephalitis and permanent neurological damage.
Hippocrates first described mumps in the 5th century BC, where he noted outbreaks amongst young males displaying swelling around the ears. Cultivation of the mumps virus in the developing chick embryo was first achieved in 1945 and made it possible to develop inactivated as well as live virus vaccines.
2. Characteristics of the