Surgery is a branch of medicine that uses the manipulation of a bodily structure to diagnose, cure, and prevent a disease. And according to Ambroise Pare a great French surgeon that “performing surgery is to eliminate what is superfluous, and restore what has been dislocated, and separate that which has been unite, and join that what has been divided, and repair the defects of nature”. Humans have used their talent to learn surgical techniques after making the surgical tools, each time better than the last, until they reached the industrial evolution where they overcame the main 3 obstacles in medicine which are infection, pain, and bleeding. These overcomes have changed surgery from being a “risky” art into a scientific discipline that helped in treating many illness and conditions.
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The oldest operation for which evidence exists is trepanation [1] (which is a Greek word) in which a hole is drilled or scraped into the skull to treat health problems related pressure and other diseases. In the case of head wounds, surgical intervention was implemented for investigating and diagnosing the nature of the wound while bone splinters were removed preferably by scraping followed by procedures and treatments for avoiding infection and aiding in the healing process. An example of healed fractures in prehistoric human bones is the treatments that are used by the Aztecs, as according to the Spanish texts during the conquest of Mexico "...the broken bone had to be splinted [2], extended and adjusted, and if this was not sufficient an incision was made at the end of the bone”. Modern medicine developed a surgery similar to it in the 20th century which is known as “Medullary
The oldest operation for which evidence exists is trepanation [1] (which is a Greek word) in which a hole is drilled or scraped into the skull to treat health problems related pressure and other diseases. In the case of head wounds, surgical intervention was implemented for investigating and diagnosing the nature of the wound while bone splinters were removed preferably by scraping followed by procedures and treatments for avoiding infection and aiding in the healing process. An example of healed fractures in prehistoric human bones is the treatments that are used by the Aztecs, as according to the Spanish texts during the conquest of Mexico "...the broken bone had to be splinted [2], extended and adjusted, and if this was not sufficient an incision was made at the end of the bone”. Modern medicine developed a surgery similar to it in the 20th century which is known as “Medullary