Very different approaches and rituals influenced their own visions of Christianity as reflected in the first seven ecumenical councils like Ephesus (431), centered on the Nestorian schism and Chalcedon (451), the nature of Christ being either human or divine and making Constantinople the second holy see, while Rome remained as previously stated, distant, different, and challenging. This latter trend was reinforced parallel to Rome’s rise after the 8th century and the decline of Byzantium and its capital Constantinople, something that in the eyes of the Popes gave them more freedom from and leverage in their differences and clashes with Byzantine
Very different approaches and rituals influenced their own visions of Christianity as reflected in the first seven ecumenical councils like Ephesus (431), centered on the Nestorian schism and Chalcedon (451), the nature of Christ being either human or divine and making Constantinople the second holy see, while Rome remained as previously stated, distant, different, and challenging. This latter trend was reinforced parallel to Rome’s rise after the 8th century and the decline of Byzantium and its capital Constantinople, something that in the eyes of the Popes gave them more freedom from and leverage in their differences and clashes with Byzantine