Islam is the second largest religion in the world, accounting twenty-three percent of the global population. Even though they followed the same religion, Islamic civilizations in the past operated both in similar and different ways. From the beginning of Islamic civilization in the seventh century to the end of the Abbasids in the thirteenth century, numerous political and cultural aspects changed while some retained. Throughout this time period, Islamic civilization experienced cultural diversity, advancement in knowledge, and dynastic change; however Islamic traditions and succession disputes remain unchanged. As time passed, Islamic civilizations became more and more culturally diverse while still retaining religious traditions. Before
