restructured and the “War on Terror” commenced. Increasingly, a “militarization of government agencies and the public sphere” developed. Individuals in the public became the “first line of defense in securing the homeland, and “the pursuit of insecurity as a unifying concept” became American’s new normal (Shank 3).
In 2002, The Department of Homeland Security came into existence and involved the combination of 10 agencies. In addition, The Patriot Act of 2001 was the new hallmark piece of legislation designed to combat the “War on Terror”. Similar restructuring occurred in both the FBI and the Department of Justice when they created new departments to assist in “homeland security” (Frederking 285). By 2003, homeland security issues had morphed into meaning immigration issues. The Integrated National Security department was sub- divided into the U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services, Immigration and Citizenship Enforcement (I.C.E.) and Border Protection (Frederking 286). This institutional restructuring is evidence that the primary mission of national security was focused on the collection of information related to visa’s and citizenship. In 2003,then Department of Homeland Security …show more content…
Immediately, Canadian’s registered similar reactions to the terror acts as had the United States. Initially, their focus was on security and policing, which included a review of both immigration and border practices(Frederking,284). However, 15 years have elapsed and the new Canadian posture is focused on promoting and encouraging the re-settlement of immigrants into the country. In fact, Canada has funded government programs designed to promote diversity in the country (Frederking 284). Presently, “immigrant densities” are higher than those in the U.S and Canada’s naturalization rates are double those in the United States (Waldinger
In 2002, The Department of Homeland Security came into existence and involved the combination of 10 agencies. In addition, The Patriot Act of 2001 was the new hallmark piece of legislation designed to combat the “War on Terror”. Similar restructuring occurred in both the FBI and the Department of Justice when they created new departments to assist in “homeland security” (Frederking 285). By 2003, homeland security issues had morphed into meaning immigration issues. The Integrated National Security department was sub- divided into the U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services, Immigration and Citizenship Enforcement (I.C.E.) and Border Protection (Frederking 286). This institutional restructuring is evidence that the primary mission of national security was focused on the collection of information related to visa’s and citizenship. In 2003,then Department of Homeland Security …show more content…
Immediately, Canadian’s registered similar reactions to the terror acts as had the United States. Initially, their focus was on security and policing, which included a review of both immigration and border practices(Frederking,284). However, 15 years have elapsed and the new Canadian posture is focused on promoting and encouraging the re-settlement of immigrants into the country. In fact, Canada has funded government programs designed to promote diversity in the country (Frederking 284). Presently, “immigrant densities” are higher than those in the U.S and Canada’s naturalization rates are double those in the United States (Waldinger