Motivational interviewing (MI) is defined as ‘client-centered ' which means that it focus on the one’s needs, hopes, and aspirations. Miller and Rollnick (2002), has labeled MI as ‘directive '; however, McNamara (2009), uses the term ‘guided ' to reflect this element of MI. Motivational interviewing is directive, in the logic that it targets to help the client become aware of the discrepancies inherent in their existing behaviors and to guide them toward allowing for the change. The evasion of arguing for change is viewed as critical in successful counseling (Miller & Rollnick, 1991). Miller and Rollnick applied motivational interviewing to those who abuse substances. The aim of motivational interviewing is to design to guide the client towards a resolution of ambivalence and inconsistencies in their behaviors in hopes to build motivation for change, usually in a particular direction. Miller and Rollnick set out to the main elements of motivational interviewing: the spirit of motivational interviewing and the principles of motivational interviewing. The spirit of motivational interviewing consists of-of three components: collaboration, evocation, and autonomy. The spirit of MI involves an ability and willingness to be with a client enough to glimpse their inner world …show more content…
The medical model has several advantages and disadvantages. The benefits are: it removes the societal/moral stigma, removes shame/guilt; individuals more likely to seek help, treatment more likely to get insurance coverage, clear treatment goal, increased funding for research, and it allows for clear language and communication among clinicians. The disadvantages of the medical model are as follows: excludes those who do not fit in model disease concept, removes any personal responsibility, makes excuses for deviant behavior, ignores psychological variables all or nothing approach, lack of empirical evidence of theory, treatment may be too simplistic, and may lead to other