Thank you for your response. I absolutely agree that female circumcision is cruel, causes distress, and is extremely dangerous. As you noted, it partly meets the criteria of the 4 D's. However, female circumcision is integrated into their cultural beliefs and practices. Although it's distressful and dangerous, how do we determine whether or not the the behavior is normal or abnormal from a cultural perspective?
Thank you for your response. I absolutely agree that female circumcision is cruel, causes distress, and is extremely dangerous. As you noted, it partly meets the criteria of the 4 D's. However, female circumcision is integrated into their cultural beliefs and practices. Although it's distressful and dangerous, how do we determine whether or not the the behavior is normal or abnormal from a cultural perspective?