Hepatocellular Carcinoma Case Study

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Hepatocellular carcinoma is a primary cancer of the liver and occurs predominantly in patients with underlying chronic liver disease and cirrhosis. However, cirrhotic liver is considered the strongest predisposing factor for development of HCC (Llovet and Bruix, 2003; and El-Serag and Rudolph, 2007). In most cases of HCC, the disease appears in cirrhotic livers after years of chronic liver inflammation caused by hepatitis viral infection (hepatitis B or C), alcoholic and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (Kumar et al., 2003; El-Serag and Rudolph, 2007; and Asahina, 2010). Carriers of chronic hepatitis B virus have a 100-fold relative risk for developing HCC, with an annual incidence rate of 2%-6% in cirrhotic patients. Other causes of HCC include

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