In the “The Phenomenology of Gift Giving”, Helmuth Berking (1999), the author, explores the causes and mechanisms of gift – giving as a social practice. He maintains that the gift – giving is an essential part of reciprocal communication between individuals. Berking also suggests that both the gift and reciprocation to it corresponds to the established structure and character of human relations in a community.
Berking (1999) starts by pointing out that gift – giving as a practice transferred from a political and economic sphere into the area of personal relations. Using a statement by R.W. Emerson, the author also explains that the gifts were once the expression of one chosen occupation but the evolved to the representation of both the giver’s …show more content…
Livingston also argues that we explore the events that interplay with the emergence of specific order empirically, while the arranged order of communication is a subject of theoretical examination afterwards. He explains that the two are interchangeable, and, thus, to study the witnessed orderliness of human interaction we first need to scrutinise the circumstantial behaviour of people when specific instances of communication …show more content…
Furthermore, she suggests that the notion of personal identity is dramatically different in non – Westerns societies and that in some cultures the concept of “self” as described by Western theorists may not exist at all.
Billington (1998) explains that issue by first addressing several main points of the Western interpretation of personal identity. First, she refers to the classical understanding of individualism in England – an independent aspiration from private ownership, particularly for a household, which represents the personal autonomy of a person. Afterward, the author traces individualism back to the emergence of Christianity – individual faith prearranged the later attention to the person’s distinctive characteristic in the seventeenth century liberal
Berking (1999) starts by pointing out that gift – giving as a practice transferred from a political and economic sphere into the area of personal relations. Using a statement by R.W. Emerson, the author also explains that the gifts were once the expression of one chosen occupation but the evolved to the representation of both the giver’s …show more content…
Livingston also argues that we explore the events that interplay with the emergence of specific order empirically, while the arranged order of communication is a subject of theoretical examination afterwards. He explains that the two are interchangeable, and, thus, to study the witnessed orderliness of human interaction we first need to scrutinise the circumstantial behaviour of people when specific instances of communication …show more content…
Furthermore, she suggests that the notion of personal identity is dramatically different in non – Westerns societies and that in some cultures the concept of “self” as described by Western theorists may not exist at all.
Billington (1998) explains that issue by first addressing several main points of the Western interpretation of personal identity. First, she refers to the classical understanding of individualism in England – an independent aspiration from private ownership, particularly for a household, which represents the personal autonomy of a person. Afterward, the author traces individualism back to the emergence of Christianity – individual faith prearranged the later attention to the person’s distinctive characteristic in the seventeenth century liberal