Parenting is a very crucial and important part of human development. There are different approaches to parenting, and one of the approaches is called helicopter parenting (Cline & Fay, 1990). This approach is when the parent hovers over their children watching their every move. Kelly G. Odenweller, Melanie Booth-Butterfield, and Keith Weber (2015) wrote an article on helicopter parenting and the effects it has on the children titled, “Investigating helicopter parenting, family environments, and relational outcomes for millennials.” The journal focuses on millennials, children born after 1982, and summarizes the different parenting styles and the ramifications it brings (Odenweller, Booth-Butterfield, & Weber, 2014). There are three different
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The temporal precedence in the study would be if the effects helicopter parenting (independent variable) comes before the negative personal traits (dependent variable), and in this case, the helicopter parenting would come before the negative personal traits. Second, would be to see if there is a covariation between the two variables. The covariation would be if the effects of helicopter parenting is still there if helicopter parenting is not present. And third, would be to find out if there is another reason for the effects to take place. For instance, in the study, that would be to see if there was another reason for the millennials to be experiencing the negative personality traits. The next validity to check would be the external validity. The definition of external validity by Paul C. Cozby and Scott C. Bates (2015), in their book Methods in Behavioral Research would be to see if the study can be generalized and applied to other populations. The study was mostly conducted on Caucasians, however, the studied would still be able to be applied to others since it is dealing with the effects of parenting which can be applied to all (Cozby & Bates 2015). The final validity is the construct validity, which is the legitimacy of the study’s operationalizations. The study is based on previous written literature and whatever was answered on the questionnaire. Other limitations of the study were that it focused on the negative personality traits such as neuroticism, instead of others such as agreeableness. Another would be reactivity. The legitimacy of the questionnaire can be tainted by the participant’s awareness of being observed. Knowing that one is being observed by answering questions can either have a positive effect, or negative effect. It could encourage the participant to answer honestly, or have them answer to what the observer would think or want them to
The temporal precedence in the study would be if the effects helicopter parenting (independent variable) comes before the negative personal traits (dependent variable), and in this case, the helicopter parenting would come before the negative personal traits. Second, would be to see if there is a covariation between the two variables. The covariation would be if the effects of helicopter parenting is still there if helicopter parenting is not present. And third, would be to find out if there is another reason for the effects to take place. For instance, in the study, that would be to see if there was another reason for the millennials to be experiencing the negative personality traits. The next validity to check would be the external validity. The definition of external validity by Paul C. Cozby and Scott C. Bates (2015), in their book Methods in Behavioral Research would be to see if the study can be generalized and applied to other populations. The study was mostly conducted on Caucasians, however, the studied would still be able to be applied to others since it is dealing with the effects of parenting which can be applied to all (Cozby & Bates 2015). The final validity is the construct validity, which is the legitimacy of the study’s operationalizations. The study is based on previous written literature and whatever was answered on the questionnaire. Other limitations of the study were that it focused on the negative personality traits such as neuroticism, instead of others such as agreeableness. Another would be reactivity. The legitimacy of the questionnaire can be tainted by the participant’s awareness of being observed. Knowing that one is being observed by answering questions can either have a positive effect, or negative effect. It could encourage the participant to answer honestly, or have them answer to what the observer would think or want them to