Thank you for sharing your thoughts. You brought up a great point on how to comprehensively assess a patient complaining of pain. Cavalieri (2005) states frailty and chronic diseases associated with pain will likely increase in patients’ 65 years and older. A thorough health history and head to toe assessment is imperative to evaluate the cause of the pain. Since your patient has a history of atrial fib and hypertension, he is at risk of stroke. It would probably be a great idea to do a diagnostic test such as CT/MRI of the brain to r/o stroke or hemorrhage. Those three assessment tool that you chose to assess your patient’s pain are appropriate. Pain management is imperative to older adults. Most of the time, the elderly are often untreated
