The play revolves around Hamlet’s fabricated madness, but in the end it is Ophelia who becomes truly mad. The snatches of hymnals, and references that she sings in her crazed state are truly fastening. Alison Chapman provides numerous examples of the significance of Ophelia’s rhymes in her scholarly essay “Ophelia’s ‘old lauds’”. Chapman writes, “In the middle of her first mad scene, Ophelia abruptly pronounces, "They say the owl was a baker 's daughter" (Hamlet 4.5.42-43), and, like the old lauds she sings at her death, the folkloric story she seizes on here to express her personal anguish and insanity is deeply expressive of a lost world of medieval piety” (Chapman 3). In the midst of her insanity, Ophelia utters words so deep and philosophical that they rival the intellect of Hamlet himself. The cause of Ophelia’s madness is her dependency, and the reason for her dependency is her innocence. When the men on whom Ophelia depends are proven false or removed from her, she is driven to desperate insanity and in her senseless state, she drowns herself. In Act IV, Scene VII, the Queen relates the tragic death of Ophelia to Laertes,
There is a willow grows aslant a brook,