In the current study, we developed and evaluated scales to measure HAPA concepts regarding physical activity among diabetic patients. Psychometric testing in this study provides preliminary evidence that the HAPA scales are valid and reliable measures for variables of this model. Both factor analysis and structural equation modeling confirmed the construct validity of the scales. Nevertheless, further research is required to address some overlaps between the belief measures. It is evident that a person’s beliefs and cognitions may not occur uniquely and they can influence each other, thus it may be impossible to sort out unique belief measures (31).
The results provide initial evidence on the validity and reliability of these measures of HAPA model beliefs. However there may be a slight sample bias and external validity may be restricted (32). …show more content…
However, no significant improvement in the Cronbach’s alpha was present after deletion of each item. This may be a result of low number of items included in these dimensions. Furthermore, small alpha coefficients may be due to small sample size, the high homogeneity of patients, and small variation of the scores (35). It seems that the reliability of the scale could be enhanced by increases in the sample size and the number of items in some dimensions as reported by Tan et al. (36) and Leung et al. (37).
This study suggested scales that can be practically useful in assessing beliefs of diabetic patients to put more effective interventions into action. Valid and reliable scales to measure HAPA model beliefs give useful information on patients’ perception about those factors that facilitate or inhibit physical activity. This, in turn, makes it possible or easier to assist diabetic patients to improve their physical activity intentions and behaviors by making the positive beliefs stronger and the negative ones
The results provide initial evidence on the validity and reliability of these measures of HAPA model beliefs. However there may be a slight sample bias and external validity may be restricted (32). …show more content…
However, no significant improvement in the Cronbach’s alpha was present after deletion of each item. This may be a result of low number of items included in these dimensions. Furthermore, small alpha coefficients may be due to small sample size, the high homogeneity of patients, and small variation of the scores (35). It seems that the reliability of the scale could be enhanced by increases in the sample size and the number of items in some dimensions as reported by Tan et al. (36) and Leung et al. (37).
This study suggested scales that can be practically useful in assessing beliefs of diabetic patients to put more effective interventions into action. Valid and reliable scales to measure HAPA model beliefs give useful information on patients’ perception about those factors that facilitate or inhibit physical activity. This, in turn, makes it possible or easier to assist diabetic patients to improve their physical activity intentions and behaviors by making the positive beliefs stronger and the negative ones