3-1 Stadiums before the Nineteenth century:
Before Nineteen century and for different three eras, football games weren't like today, they had different rules and were played at Athletics stadiums4.
2-1-1 First era (8century BC - first century BC):
The origin stadia back to the Greek era in the eight-century BC (776BC)4; the Olympia stadium in Greece was a stone stand with two separate entrances; one for judges and the other for spectator. It was elongated-U-shaped, has the three sides of the track, two parallel rectilinear sides (192 m long) and one bended side (32 m wide).the fourth side was open to the landscape. So spectators could watch the games, cheer the players freely, and enjoy the view in same time. As Games became popular; it …show more content…
It was fully encompassed elliptical layout with amphitheatre; the spectators could focus only on the central area for the games, forming the typological evolution of the prototypes of stadium. Spectators' tiers were a four side closed building, arranged on a natural slope, the lower part was made of stone, and the upper were made of wood. Roman stadium main characteristics were its large dimensions (600 m long and 200 m wide) and its capacity (could welcome about 200,000 spectators) 5. In addition; for the first time in history, there were a recreation facilities, the stadia had large open spaces were occasionally used for some more public activities to be a part of the community …show more content…
In order to deal with this issue, as well as stadia were equipped to welcome television-broadcasting systems, there were started to be equipped with more facilities to attract wide range of fans5. Seats had better view angles, stands became roofed, higher number of toilet facilities, food and beverage outlets in the stands area9. It was the start of the concept of fan zones (Fig8). especially by 1970's; when the market saw the appearance of the specialized and dedicated sports architecture practice9, who produced new image of fans facilities with amenities (greater revenue, more luxury suites, and higher quality finishes)5 (Fig9). Moreover, there were artificial lighting installations to ensue night broadcast. A common element of that age; the stadia concept was an introverted element in the city although their inner facilities5, football stadiums were a comfortable inside yet anonymous outside, missing both indoor and outdoor
Before Nineteen century and for different three eras, football games weren't like today, they had different rules and were played at Athletics stadiums4.
2-1-1 First era (8century BC - first century BC):
The origin stadia back to the Greek era in the eight-century BC (776BC)4; the Olympia stadium in Greece was a stone stand with two separate entrances; one for judges and the other for spectator. It was elongated-U-shaped, has the three sides of the track, two parallel rectilinear sides (192 m long) and one bended side (32 m wide).the fourth side was open to the landscape. So spectators could watch the games, cheer the players freely, and enjoy the view in same time. As Games became popular; it …show more content…
It was fully encompassed elliptical layout with amphitheatre; the spectators could focus only on the central area for the games, forming the typological evolution of the prototypes of stadium. Spectators' tiers were a four side closed building, arranged on a natural slope, the lower part was made of stone, and the upper were made of wood. Roman stadium main characteristics were its large dimensions (600 m long and 200 m wide) and its capacity (could welcome about 200,000 spectators) 5. In addition; for the first time in history, there were a recreation facilities, the stadia had large open spaces were occasionally used for some more public activities to be a part of the community …show more content…
In order to deal with this issue, as well as stadia were equipped to welcome television-broadcasting systems, there were started to be equipped with more facilities to attract wide range of fans5. Seats had better view angles, stands became roofed, higher number of toilet facilities, food and beverage outlets in the stands area9. It was the start of the concept of fan zones (Fig8). especially by 1970's; when the market saw the appearance of the specialized and dedicated sports architecture practice9, who produced new image of fans facilities with amenities (greater revenue, more luxury suites, and higher quality finishes)5 (Fig9). Moreover, there were artificial lighting installations to ensue night broadcast. A common element of that age; the stadia concept was an introverted element in the city although their inner facilities5, football stadiums were a comfortable inside yet anonymous outside, missing both indoor and outdoor