Factor graph: A factor graph is a type of probabilistic graphical model. A factor graph has two types of nodes: Variables, which can be either evidence variables when their value is known, or query variables when their value should be predicted. Factors, which define the relationships between variables in the graph. Fig. 2.13 shows an example of factor graph.
Figure 2.13: An example of factor graph
In belief propagation (BP), the variables mij(xj) are considered to be as a “message” from a hidden node i to the hidden node j in Fig. 2.14. In BP algorithm, the belief at a node i is proportional to the product of the local evidence at that node (∅_i 〖(x〗_i)) , the message passed to node I [74]: bi(xi) = k∅_i …show more content…
Panorama Types Spatial Panoramas Panoramic image stitching based on image mosaicing has got an extensive interest with several commercial software packages produced. The process based on the basic geometry of the problem by estimating a 3 × 3 camera matrix or homography for each image. This estimation process requires an initial user input to approximately align the images or a fixed image overlaying. This yields a mosaicing panoramic view of spatial stitched images for certain location or scene in a specific time [6]. Panorama stitching system usually based on two main processes, image plane projection and image stitching. When two adjacent images are captured in different planes it is difficult to get a correlated part from both adjacent images to stitch them together unless one of the images has to be projected from its image plane to the image plane of the adjacent image [7].
2.7.1.1 2-D Spatial …show more content…
By representing the 2D point (x,y) by a 3D point (x,y,z) using the homogenous coordinates, the perspective projection can be represented as: [█(x`@y`@z`)] = [█(f 0 0 0@0 f 0 0@0 0 1 0)] [█(X@Y@Z@1)] ……………………………...... (2.55) Fig. 2.19 shows a 360-degree panorama picture of the center courtyard of the Sony Center at the Potsdamer Platz in Berlin which was generated from 126 individual photos using autostitch.
Figure 2.19: 3D panorama picture of the center courtyard of Sony Center at the Potsdamer Platz in Berlin [25]
Temporal Panoramas Presenting timeline events or images in a chronological order with a comprehensive coverage represents a valuable panorama type. This presentation may cover a few seconds or hundreds of years depending on the subject material. For example, presenting a 10 second time-lapse video of a flower’s lifecycle may reflect days of growth, while 10 seconds of ordered images, text, and maps may highlight centuries of a landmark’s history. When properly arranged and displayed appropriately, temporal panoramas may provide successful documentation of a place or objects history [26]. The temporal panoramas can be further classified
Figure 2.13: An example of factor graph
In belief propagation (BP), the variables mij(xj) are considered to be as a “message” from a hidden node i to the hidden node j in Fig. 2.14. In BP algorithm, the belief at a node i is proportional to the product of the local evidence at that node (∅_i 〖(x〗_i)) , the message passed to node I [74]: bi(xi) = k∅_i …show more content…
Panorama Types Spatial Panoramas Panoramic image stitching based on image mosaicing has got an extensive interest with several commercial software packages produced. The process based on the basic geometry of the problem by estimating a 3 × 3 camera matrix or homography for each image. This estimation process requires an initial user input to approximately align the images or a fixed image overlaying. This yields a mosaicing panoramic view of spatial stitched images for certain location or scene in a specific time [6]. Panorama stitching system usually based on two main processes, image plane projection and image stitching. When two adjacent images are captured in different planes it is difficult to get a correlated part from both adjacent images to stitch them together unless one of the images has to be projected from its image plane to the image plane of the adjacent image [7].
2.7.1.1 2-D Spatial …show more content…
By representing the 2D point (x,y) by a 3D point (x,y,z) using the homogenous coordinates, the perspective projection can be represented as: [█(x`@y`@z`)] = [█(f 0 0 0@0 f 0 0@0 0 1 0)] [█(X@Y@Z@1)] ……………………………...... (2.55) Fig. 2.19 shows a 360-degree panorama picture of the center courtyard of the Sony Center at the Potsdamer Platz in Berlin which was generated from 126 individual photos using autostitch.
Figure 2.19: 3D panorama picture of the center courtyard of Sony Center at the Potsdamer Platz in Berlin [25]
Temporal Panoramas Presenting timeline events or images in a chronological order with a comprehensive coverage represents a valuable panorama type. This presentation may cover a few seconds or hundreds of years depending on the subject material. For example, presenting a 10 second time-lapse video of a flower’s lifecycle may reflect days of growth, while 10 seconds of ordered images, text, and maps may highlight centuries of a landmark’s history. When properly arranged and displayed appropriately, temporal panoramas may provide successful documentation of a place or objects history [26]. The temporal panoramas can be further classified