The most common bone tumors of the foot and ankle are osseous and cartilaginous lesions, including enchondromas, osteochondromas, and chondromyxoid fibromas [1]. Giant cell tumors (GCT), chondroblastomas, osteoid osteomas, and osteoblastomas also occur. Non-neoplastic conditions include intraosseous lipomas, simple (unicameral) bone cysts, and aneurysmal bone cysts [2]. GCT, also known as osteoclastomas, are fairly common bone tumors, accounting for 5% of all primary bone tumors. They are benign tumors with a tendency for local aggressiveness and high rates of recurrence.…
On the other hand, severe cases may require high doses of corticosteroids as well as other medications to help keep the immune system from attacking healthy tissues (Shiel, W., Stroppler, M., & Driver, C.,…
Cellulites could be defined as an infection of the skin and tissues beneath the skin. I t affects the deeper and outer layer of the skin. The causative organisms could be staphylococcus and streptococcus or methicillin –resistant staphylococcus area (MRSA) or could be as a result of other types of bacteria like pneumococcus or clostridium.(Medicinenet.com). Based on the given objective and subjective data, Ms. G. has a non-purulent cellulitis with the following cardinal signs and symptoms; pain, swelling, erythema and warmth.…
Abstract: Radicular cyst is one of the most common odontogenic cysts of the jaws, but those arising from primary teeth are very rare and comprising only 0.5 to 3.3% of the total number of radicular cysts in both primary and permanent dentitions. The aim of this case report is to present the clinical, radiographic and histological characteristics of radicular cyst associated with first primary molar. Extraction and enucleation of the cyst was carried out under local anesthesia after elevation of the mucoperiosteal flap, which led to uneventful healing. Early diagnosis of the lesion would have led to a less aggressive treatment plan.…
Name: Jamie Chustz Causative Agent: Naegleria fowleria Echinococcus granulosus Disease: Primary amebic meningoenphalitis Hydatid Disease Classification of the causative agent: N. fowleria is an Thermophilic (warm loving) Ameba. Rarely infecting humans. E. granulosus is a parasitic worm called a tapeworm also called dog tapeworm hydatid worm or hyper tape-worm Virulence factors of the causative agent: It has three stages of its lifecycle 1. Cyst Stage which it uses as a form to protect it from the environment or when there is a lack of food.…
Fibropapillomatosis is a disease that is threatening populations of, already endangered, sea turtles. Researchers are getting closer and closer to discovering the causative agent. It could potentially be caused by the herpes virus and a tumor promoter or it could be a combination of low immune system and a damaged ecosystem along with other factors. The solution that has worked up until this point include surgical removal of tumors. Electrochemotherapy is being studied as another potential solution.…
VALPARAISO UNIVERSITY College of Nursing and Health Professions Nursing 605: Advanced Health Assessment Breast Lump Case Study Jane is a 37 year old woman who presents today after finding multiple, tender breast masses last week. She reports the masses were located on the upper outer quadrant of both breasts, and were very painful. Although the pain seems to have subsided, and she no longer feels the masses, she has kept her appointment for further evaluation. She tearfully shares with you that her best friend died of breast cancer last year, and she is fearful she may now have cancer. Jane has never had a mammogram, and does not perform breast self-examinations on a regular basis.…
Mononucleosis also known as mono is commonly called the kissing disease. Mono is a virus caused by the Epstein-Barr virus. Which affects the lymphocytes and white blood cells that help support a person’s immunity. Mono can be easily be spread through a cough or sneeze. Along with by sharing a glass or food utensils with someone who is infected at the time.…
Healing occurs when the macrophages engulfs and digests the debris, microbes and other substances as these cells form a response to the infection (Brown,…
Lymphoedema is a severe and chronic swelling triggered by a problem in the lymphatic system. It could be produced by a genetic abnormality due to underdevelopment of the lymphatic system or secondary to external factors as infection, injury or cancer treatment [1]. Being breast cancer the 2nd most diagnosed from overall cancers, with patients developing lymphoedema in 40% of the cases [2]. Lymphedema is caused by the inefficiency of the lymphatics to drain fluids and proteins, developing an accumulation of lymph liquids and finally an increase of limb circumference [3]. Consequently lymphoedema causes different morbidities, including pain, heaviness, limitation of arm movement, sensory disorders, functional impairment and deformity.…
Chronic inflammation is usually associated with accumulation of non-degradable substances, viral infection, and autoimmune disorders. In these situations, prolonged activation of immune cells can lead to tissue destruction, fibrosis, and uncontrolled angiogenesis. Despite the eyes are immune-privileged sites, deposition of inflammatory proteins in the drusen and observation of multiple types of immune cells in AMD eyes[9] indicate that this privilege is likely revoked. The immune-privileged of retina is achieved by formation of vascular barrier and secretion of immunosuppressive molecules[10]. RPE cells can modulate retinal immune response by secretion of immunosuppressive molecules PGE2 and PEDF to suppress T cell and macrophage activation, respectively [11, 12].…
Cellular pathology studies body organs and tissues to determine the cause of certain diseases and their effects. A sample of tissue cells are taken from the patient and sent to the laboratory in order to give a diagnosis and give the most appropriate advice and treatment to patients. Cell pathology helps to assist with the choice of treatment that will be given, and giving prognosis and determining causes of death. There are two main parts within cellular pathology. The first is histopathology, which involves the examination tissues under the microscope, and cytopathology (cytology), which involves the examination of single cells.…
3. Results 3.1 Cloning and phylogenetic analysis B. bigemina Argentina strain was used to obtain genomic and cDNA for PCR with primers BbigAMA-1 F and R to amplify the AMA-1 gene. The sequences had an identical length from both templates and of the estimated size according to primers' design (not shown). The nucleotide sequencing analysis presented a 1988-bp long gene (gene bank accession number: AB481200) and encoded a 595-amino acid peptide (gene bank accession number: BAH22706)…
The term neoplasm refers to tumors that are masses or growths that arise from normal tissue. Can a growth occur at any time in life? Are all neoplasms life-threatening? Explain in your own words why or why not.…
This is caused by the fact that it contains microbes that contain a number of immune cells that react too…