The table 2.b shows that the highest mean was (3.10) for “Physicians and nurses have good working relationships”. The second highest mean (3.03) was for “Collaboration (joint practice) between nurses and physicians”. The highest rated components of collegiality were good working relationship and collaboration. These components were similar, yet they have a slightly different focus. Such a good working relationship focused on nurses working together as a team to carry out duties or tasks associated with nursing care. Collaboration focused on nurses and physicians sharing knowledge and coming up with solutions to problems (Robbins & Judge, 2007). Good working relationship and collaboration existed at ED because of empowering physicians.
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