The Glass Ceiling and the Glass Elevator
Athena A. Giavasis
The University of Akron
I. The glass ceiling persists in the present day United States.
A. The glass ceiling is defined as the point where a women can no longer rise in her career whereas a man continues to rise in his (Bellenger, 2015)
B. Women lack positions of higher leadership in politics. a. In the United States only 17 percent of Congress is female (Schuh, 2014).
1. It is harder for a female incumbent to become reelected. 12 percent of men run uncontested compared to women’s 7 percent (Palmer, 2008) b. Only 23 women have served in the cabinet or cabinet-level jobs (Women, 2015). c.. Only 35 women have served as state governors in the United States, compared …show more content…
b. “Women comprise 2% of the CEOs of the nation’s Fortune 500 companies” (Carnes, 2011)
II. The glass escalator persists in the present day United States
A. The glass escalator is the perception that men rise faster and higher than women when they are in women dominated fields (Bellenger, 2013).
B. Women receive less benefits than men in women-dominated fields
a. Full time Men make 9 percent more than their full time women counterparts in the women-dominated field of nursing (Casselman, 2013).
b. Men receive significantly more time off for good work and tuition reimbursement in nursing compared to women (Price, 2010).
III. There are reasons why the glass ceiling and glass escalator effects persist.
A. Women are seen as less qualified compared to men.
a. Women are stereotypically seen as less aggressive, fragile, run by their emotions, and homemakers (Carnes, 2011).
1. Litigation is seen as an aggressive field, and many law firm employees see women as not possessing natural aggression necessary to succeed in such a field (Taylor, 2009).
b. “Male managers feel they perform better than female managers due to superior abilities and higher intelligence. Male leaders consider their jobs more difficult than female leaders who occupy the same positions” (Chaffins,
Athena A. Giavasis
The University of Akron
I. The glass ceiling persists in the present day United States.
A. The glass ceiling is defined as the point where a women can no longer rise in her career whereas a man continues to rise in his (Bellenger, 2015)
B. Women lack positions of higher leadership in politics. a. In the United States only 17 percent of Congress is female (Schuh, 2014).
1. It is harder for a female incumbent to become reelected. 12 percent of men run uncontested compared to women’s 7 percent (Palmer, 2008) b. Only 23 women have served in the cabinet or cabinet-level jobs (Women, 2015). c.. Only 35 women have served as state governors in the United States, compared …show more content…
b. “Women comprise 2% of the CEOs of the nation’s Fortune 500 companies” (Carnes, 2011)
II. The glass escalator persists in the present day United States
A. The glass escalator is the perception that men rise faster and higher than women when they are in women dominated fields (Bellenger, 2013).
B. Women receive less benefits than men in women-dominated fields
a. Full time Men make 9 percent more than their full time women counterparts in the women-dominated field of nursing (Casselman, 2013).
b. Men receive significantly more time off for good work and tuition reimbursement in nursing compared to women (Price, 2010).
III. There are reasons why the glass ceiling and glass escalator effects persist.
A. Women are seen as less qualified compared to men.
a. Women are stereotypically seen as less aggressive, fragile, run by their emotions, and homemakers (Carnes, 2011).
1. Litigation is seen as an aggressive field, and many law firm employees see women as not possessing natural aggression necessary to succeed in such a field (Taylor, 2009).
b. “Male managers feel they perform better than female managers due to superior abilities and higher intelligence. Male leaders consider their jobs more difficult than female leaders who occupy the same positions” (Chaffins,