The cell's native DNA repair machinery generally mends the cut — but often makes mistakes.
Ledford, along with other scientists, agree that genetic editing has many risks, predominantly concerning the success rate of the procedure. In a study done by researchers at Sun Yat-sen University in Guangzhou, China, an experimental gene-editing technique was used to modify a gene in human embryos that causes a fatal blood disorder. Tanya Lewis, the writer of the article Genetically Modified Humans? How Genome Editing Works, presents the success rate of this procedure:
In the study, Junjiu Huang, a genetics researcher at Sun Yat-sen University, injected the CRISPR/Cas9 complex into human embryos in order to repair a gene for Beta thalassaemia, a potentially fatal blood disorder that reduces the production of hemoglobin. The embryos, which were obtained from local fertility clinics, could not result in live births because they had been fertilized by two sperm, which prevents the embryos from developing