Genetic Code Reprogramming Analysis

This article describes their development in the application of genetic code reprogramming techniques. The focus on the site-specifics of enzymatic mis-acetylation and looks to examine the translational machinery that increases the ranges of non-canonical amino acids. It is shown that misacetylationi in polypeptides show an increase in specific disease. Site-specific incorporation of genetic code reprogramming have demonstrated powerful techniques for investigation proteins and as a tool for biologically-mediated organic chemical synthesis of peptides. The replacement of amino acids with the non-canonical amino acid allows scientist to understand the role of a specific amino acid in the polypeptide molecules. This new method of site-specificity …show more content…
This step of replacing the large amino acids is a very limiting step, but does not stop these researchers from trying. Many chains have steric hindrance because of the bulky qualities of the amino acid, therefore, restricting the non-canonical amino acids from approaching the site-specific of the polypeptide chain. Although this is a limiting step, they discovered that they were able to efficiently acylate these amino acids onto the tRNA residues. A major problem after acylating these non-canonical amino acids is that some appear to be untranslatable, defeating the purpose of using these as markers in the polypeptide or proteins. Instead of approaching the changes in the tRNA strand, there was a strategy for engineering the ribosome itself. Edifice ribosomes increase the efficiency of amber stop codon suppression. These have been promising through several research for the inclusion of beta-amino acids. Instead of acylation of the non-canonical amino acids, they tried acylating ribozymes, known as flexizymes. Flexizymes have been used for acylate diverse amino acids onto tRNA bearings any anti-codon. Similar to the AARS method, flexizymes are less labor-intensive compared to semi-enzyme and only requires simple organic synthetic techniques; however, it is more labor-intensive than the AARS method because the activated amino acid must be synthesize and pre-acylated before transcription. There are benefits of flexizymes of AARS because the flexizymes are able to target a wider range of amino acids substrates where AARS is limited. These two types of methods for acylation of amino acids or ribosomes are showing promising affects in the study of the genetic