GENDER ROLE IDENTITIES BY BEM
According to Psychologist Sandra Lipsitz Bem, Gender identity refers to the psychological sense of being male or female, whereas Gender role refers to cultural expectations of the behaviors and social roles deemed appropriate for men and women. Gender identity is determined by both biological influences and environmental influences. On the other hand, gender roles are acquired by observational learning and reinforcement (Social Cognitive Theory), gender schemas (Gender Schema Theory), gender roles representing genetic predispositions (Evolutionary Theory) and through cultural adaptations (Socio-cultural Theory). The specifics regarding these gendered expectations may vary substantially among cultures, while other …show more content…
Gender roles may be a means through which one may express their gender identity, but they may also be employed as a means of exerting social control, and individuals may experience negative social consequences for violating them. Various groups have led efforts to change aspects of prevailing gender roles that they believe are oppressive or inaccurate, most notably the feminist movement.
Using a gender role inventory, she developed four different gender role identities namely: masculine, feminine, psychologically androgynous and undifferentiated. Masculine refers to having qualities or appearance traditionally associated with men, especially strength and aggressiveness or simply male sex. Feminine refers to having qualities or appearance traditionally associated with women, especially delicacy and prettiness or female sex or gender. Psychologically androgyny refers to a person’s ability to be at the same time nurturant and time aggressive, rigid and sensitive, and submissive and dominant. This ability can be experienced by both men and women. This term is often used to explain someone whose behavior go down somewhere in between the characteristics that are connected with males and females. Sandra Bem states that if a person takes on both feminine and …show more content…
That women spend significantly more time doing housework and caring for children than do men. However, gender roles have been changing and continue to change over time at rapid pace Changing gender roles have placed impossible demands on many women. Many women experience contradictory expectations when they begin to pursue professional careers or work full-time outside of the home. Women have tried to do it all--career, marriage, and children--and found it impossible under current societal structures. Examples of men and women, who enact non-traditional gender roles, do so primarily in work environments. These are people who in general choose to not “follow the script” society and our culture often dictates for men’s and women’s roles, decisions, and responsibilities. Examples may be roles that sex-typed in occupation (e.g., male nurses, female firefighters) or care-giving positions (e.g., stay-at-home
According to Psychologist Sandra Lipsitz Bem, Gender identity refers to the psychological sense of being male or female, whereas Gender role refers to cultural expectations of the behaviors and social roles deemed appropriate for men and women. Gender identity is determined by both biological influences and environmental influences. On the other hand, gender roles are acquired by observational learning and reinforcement (Social Cognitive Theory), gender schemas (Gender Schema Theory), gender roles representing genetic predispositions (Evolutionary Theory) and through cultural adaptations (Socio-cultural Theory). The specifics regarding these gendered expectations may vary substantially among cultures, while other …show more content…
Gender roles may be a means through which one may express their gender identity, but they may also be employed as a means of exerting social control, and individuals may experience negative social consequences for violating them. Various groups have led efforts to change aspects of prevailing gender roles that they believe are oppressive or inaccurate, most notably the feminist movement.
Using a gender role inventory, she developed four different gender role identities namely: masculine, feminine, psychologically androgynous and undifferentiated. Masculine refers to having qualities or appearance traditionally associated with men, especially strength and aggressiveness or simply male sex. Feminine refers to having qualities or appearance traditionally associated with women, especially delicacy and prettiness or female sex or gender. Psychologically androgyny refers to a person’s ability to be at the same time nurturant and time aggressive, rigid and sensitive, and submissive and dominant. This ability can be experienced by both men and women. This term is often used to explain someone whose behavior go down somewhere in between the characteristics that are connected with males and females. Sandra Bem states that if a person takes on both feminine and …show more content…
That women spend significantly more time doing housework and caring for children than do men. However, gender roles have been changing and continue to change over time at rapid pace Changing gender roles have placed impossible demands on many women. Many women experience contradictory expectations when they begin to pursue professional careers or work full-time outside of the home. Women have tried to do it all--career, marriage, and children--and found it impossible under current societal structures. Examples of men and women, who enact non-traditional gender roles, do so primarily in work environments. These are people who in general choose to not “follow the script” society and our culture often dictates for men’s and women’s roles, decisions, and responsibilities. Examples may be roles that sex-typed in occupation (e.g., male nurses, female firefighters) or care-giving positions (e.g., stay-at-home