Sex can be defined as a biologically constructed classification defining person into male or female (Wood, 1994; Eckert & McConnell-Ginnet, 2003). In other words, male and female differences can be seen by identifying their genetic and physical characteristics, such as internal and external organs (Wood, 1994; American Psychological Association, 2011). Since it is determined by biological aspects, sex categorisation is considered fixed and called by Esplen and Jolly (2006) as ‘a destiny line’. Hence, sex is a fixed categorisation, male or female, which is determined by biological characteristics.
However, the concept of sex as a fixed categorisation, male and female, has been opposed. Geertz (1983) argues that sex is not actually a binary …show more content…
Ning et al., furthermore, explains that the coverage of this study branches into smaller different aspects. However, in this part, gender-language relation will be more focused on the role of language in relation to the ways gender concept is introduced, reflected and perpetuated.
To begin with, language is a tool to introduce gender to an individual. Since their childhood, people have received much exposure to gender concepts conveyed via ‘taken-for-granted’ interaction in the culture (Hasan, 1986 as cited in Kamler, 1993). Wood (1994) describes that the interaction contributing to the introduction of gender including interaction with parents, teachers and peers. Through these interactions, Wood further suggests, both men and women will sense how the other’s perception, attitude and action toward them. For instance, parents do not allow their boys to play doll and cook because it is for girls, and do not allow their girl to play energetic and competitive games because it is for boys. By doing so, individuals will see which behaviours, expectations and social values that are attached to their …show more content…
It means that just like two different cultures, men and women have their own styles in communication. Thus, to avoid miscommunication, both genders need to acknowledge and accept the communicative culture of the other.
Genderlect theory has three main principles. First is about what men and women seek from communication. Tannen (1990) believes that men communicate with others to seek status, while women seek connection. Thus, in communication, men would likely to be independent, competitive and strong towards their interlocutor, while women would tend to be cooperative to build and maintain relationship with the interlocutor.
Second principle is regarding styles of communication. Tannen (1990) asserts that since both women and men have their own motivation in communicating, their style will also be different. She states than men have report talk and women have rapport talk. In report talk, “men engage in competitive joking and assertive speech that wins control of the conversation” (Tannen, 1990 as cited in Cimillo, 2014). In addition, in report talk, men do monologic style to get attention, convey information, or win arguments (Griffin, 2007). By doing so, men might get the status that they desire. Unlike men, women have rapport talk which emphasizes two-way interaction to build connection with others. In this type of talk, “women will express emotions,
However, the concept of sex as a fixed categorisation, male and female, has been opposed. Geertz (1983) argues that sex is not actually a binary …show more content…
Ning et al., furthermore, explains that the coverage of this study branches into smaller different aspects. However, in this part, gender-language relation will be more focused on the role of language in relation to the ways gender concept is introduced, reflected and perpetuated.
To begin with, language is a tool to introduce gender to an individual. Since their childhood, people have received much exposure to gender concepts conveyed via ‘taken-for-granted’ interaction in the culture (Hasan, 1986 as cited in Kamler, 1993). Wood (1994) describes that the interaction contributing to the introduction of gender including interaction with parents, teachers and peers. Through these interactions, Wood further suggests, both men and women will sense how the other’s perception, attitude and action toward them. For instance, parents do not allow their boys to play doll and cook because it is for girls, and do not allow their girl to play energetic and competitive games because it is for boys. By doing so, individuals will see which behaviours, expectations and social values that are attached to their …show more content…
It means that just like two different cultures, men and women have their own styles in communication. Thus, to avoid miscommunication, both genders need to acknowledge and accept the communicative culture of the other.
Genderlect theory has three main principles. First is about what men and women seek from communication. Tannen (1990) believes that men communicate with others to seek status, while women seek connection. Thus, in communication, men would likely to be independent, competitive and strong towards their interlocutor, while women would tend to be cooperative to build and maintain relationship with the interlocutor.
Second principle is regarding styles of communication. Tannen (1990) asserts that since both women and men have their own motivation in communicating, their style will also be different. She states than men have report talk and women have rapport talk. In report talk, “men engage in competitive joking and assertive speech that wins control of the conversation” (Tannen, 1990 as cited in Cimillo, 2014). In addition, in report talk, men do monologic style to get attention, convey information, or win arguments (Griffin, 2007). By doing so, men might get the status that they desire. Unlike men, women have rapport talk which emphasizes two-way interaction to build connection with others. In this type of talk, “women will express emotions,