Gender In Louisa May Alcott's Little Women

Improved Essays
In this dissertation, I will examine the novel Little Women (1868), written by Louisa May Alcott (1832-1888) in order to explore whether the concept of gender is more of a social construct than a biological reality. My study will focus on analysing the lived experiences of the March sisters, Jo, Amy, Meg and Beth as portrayed by Alcott in the novel. Through my analysis of the March sisters, who are growing up to develop into conventional women against a particular socio-historical context, I will attempt to argue that the motif of gender is dynamic in process and is often bound to perform stereotypically according to certain socio-cultural dictates.
Little Women was originally published in two volumes in 1868 and 1869 respectively. The first
…show more content…
The novel has been established as a primary work within the canon of juvenile literature and is considered to be the first children’s books in America to break with the didactic tradition. According to Sarah Albert, Alcott creates a new form of literature, one that takes elements from romantic children’s fiction and combines it with others from sentimental novels, resulting in a totally new format (Elbert, 1980). Although the culture at her time demanded that Alcott should produce moralizing tales, she has introduced realism and preached moderation rather than excessive religious moulding. Through Little Women, she is showing moral representation in certain aspects such as what it might mean to be a woman and also indicates the issues of gender and identity, education and marriage.
Little Women is not only one of the most widely read novels but is also a work that has been adapted and re-adapted in the other forms of media. In addition to a 1958 television series, multiple Broadway plays, a musical, a ballet, and an opera, Little Women has been made into seven movies. The most famous are the 1933 version starring Katherine Hepburn, the 1949 version starring June Allyson with Elizabeth Taylor as Amy, and the 1994 version starring Winona Ryder. In 1987, Japan made an anime version of Little Women that run for 48 half-hour
…show more content…
The journey of the modern feminist wave from nineteenth to the twenty-first century is divided into three waves. First wave feminism arose in the context of industrial society and liberal politics but is connected to both the liberal women’s rights movement and early socialist feminism in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century in the United States and Europe. This period of feminist activity focused more on legal issues and involved gaining women’s suffrage and political equality. Concerned with access and equal opportunities for women, the first wave continued to influence feminism in both Western and Eastern societies throughout the twentieth century. Second wave feminism, which emerged in the 1960s to 1970s, is closely linked to the radical voices of women’s empowerment and differential rights over a wide range of issues. The attention was directed not only on legal rights, but it also opened up discussions on the issues of domestic violence, reproductive rights, economic freedom and workplace inequalities. The third feminist wave, from the mid-1990s onward, sprang from the emergence of a new postcolonial and post-socialist world order, in the context of information society and neoliberal, global politics. This contemporary movement has broadened the boundaries of feminist activities and issues and also attempted to relocate the apparently marginalized women of colour

Related Documents

  • Great Essays

    In “Chrysanthemums” by John Steinbeck and A Doll’s House by Henrik Ibsen, both authors illustrate in readers minds that women back then had no freedom and always doubted themselves, because of how men treated them. The authors shows that during this time `men made women feel insecure and weak. They viewed women as housewives only allowing them to do hard chores all day. Over time the women began to feel like undervalued prisoners in their own homes. Women’s way of thinking and their behaviors were based on how the society wanted them to be.…

    • 1604 Words
    • 6 Pages
    Great Essays
  • Great Essays

    The roles of women reflected in the late nineteenth century up until the 1960’s were known to be portrayals of the perfect housewife or of one who lacked status. Jamaica Kincaid’s “Girl” and Kate Chopin’s “The Story of an Hour” both represent the gender role that was expected of woman in their time period and their restrictions to having their own identity. Mrs. Mallard and Girl are similar because they both lack their own true identity and have expectations from others as to how they should act and who they should be. A common theme shown in both stories is repression.…

    • 1265 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Great Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Public Engagement Preface and Argument Feminism is a difficult concept to track throughout time. Realistically, feminist ideals have been a part of history starting very early on in human society. There have always been those that believed in the equal rights of women and men and there have always been those who criticized the ones who held those beliefs. It was, and remains today, the same way in America. In the early period of American literature, although women writers were few and often disregarded by men, their writings spearheaded the feminist movement and created ideas that remain relevant in society even now.…

    • 708 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Superior Essays

    As the minor sex to the male dominance the woman’s role has been to cook, clean, take care of the house and children stereotyping women as weaker. You can find examples of this archetypical woman in countless works of literature. One specific example in Ethan Frome, the younger and more desirable woman in the novel is described as young, cheerful, and pleasant, but only able “to trim a hat, make molasses candy, recite ‘Curfew Curfew shall not ring to-night,’ and play ‘The Lost Chord’ and a pot-pourri from ‘Carmen.’” (Wharton 43). The discrimination women face is not only apparent in fictional characters, but in essays Roxane Gay describes her experience as a woman, “On my more difficult days, I’m not sure what’s more of a pain in my ass-being black or being a woman...the persistence of lawmakers trying to legislate the female body, street harassment, strangers wanting to touch my hair” (17).…

    • 1370 Words
    • 6 Pages
    Superior Essays
  • Brilliant Essays

    Although the woman’s place, still traditionally speaking was in the home, the seed had been planted for women’s right activists of future generations. In the coming decades, particularly the 1960s and 1970s, feminism was on the rise. Women fought for equality in the work place and representation in society, unlike what they had experienced in the past. This movement began with women during World War II having to step out of their traditional roles, to support both their country and families while their husbands and brothers were away fighting. However, once these women had become accustomed to the freedom of independent income, they were reluctant to see it taken away by men, and thus began the decades long fight for equality.…

    • 1239 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Brilliant Essays
  • Superior Essays

    For centuries, women have been viewed as unequal to men, resulting in the further demotion of women and forcing them into abiding by stereotypical gender roles. In Pride and Prejudice by Jane Austen, the Miss Bennets are a variety of girls that portray the tone and theme of the poem, “Women” by May Swenson. In Swenson’s poem, the tone, theme, and literary devices utilized in the work convey the expectation of women in the 1970s in America as well as coincide with role of women in 1800s England. May Swenson was born in the United States in 1913. She was a well known poet who was highly praised by other poets as well (poemhunter.com).…

    • 879 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Superior Essays
  • Superior Essays

    Hannah Webster Foster elaborates on gender expectations in her novel, “The Coquette”. The main characters Eliza Wharton and Major Sanford are examples of how society is very strict on gender norms. For example, from birth society is quick to picture an infant male with the color blue and a female infant with the color pink. This shows how men and women are socialized from birth. The novel also explains how men and women have double standards.…

    • 1106 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Superior Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Comparative Essay Feministic ideas, now and over the years, are rooted in the various attitudes of our social and cultural behaviors. To lack the acceptable image created by society is to be labeled less than ideal. Whether by bluntly stating it or carefully hinting the idea, many American poets, novelist, and social activist have, in one way or another, embarked on the idea. In “Barbie Doll” by Marge Piercy and “The Story of an Hour” by Kate Chopin both authors portray the life of a woman judged by the world around her. Analyzing the way each author presents their argument, it becomes evident that the iconic image instilled in women causes their destruction.…

    • 797 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Great Essays

    This new shifts sort to bring changes in the society like for example in the second wave contra eonomism, “….second wave feminists extended the purview of justice to take in such previously private matters as sexuality,housework reproduction and violence against women…” (Fraser 2009:103). She goes on and on explaining the different shifts in during that…

    • 1614 Words
    • 7 Pages
    Great Essays
  • Improved Essays

    In her article “The Caddie Woodlawn Syndrome,” Anne Scott MacLeod explores the typical upbringing of American girls in the nineteenth century. MacLeod notes that while the common assumption for a girl’s experience growing up in nineteenth century America was much different than Caddie’s, autobiographies written around the same time Caddie Woodlawn takes place tell a different truth. Elizabeth Allen, one of the women who wrote an autobiography, explains her experience growing up: “I suppose someone must have had an eye on me, but I was conscious of no surveillance, and I roamed at large until the boys got out of ‘school,’ when I attacked myself resolutely to them, doubtless becoming a great nuisance” (MacLeod 202). Allen is not the only woman who writes of playing outside; MacLeod quotes another five or six in her article. Caddie’s wild childhood may not be as unique as originally…

    • 919 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Superior Essays

    Reasons for selection Stone Fox, by John Reynolds Gardiner, written in 1980, tells the story of a boy, living with his grandfather, who must find a way to save his grandfather’s farm from the tax collector. Gardiner tells this story of a boy, set in Wyoming, where sled dogs were common and $500 was enough for a farmer to lose his farm. The idea for the story was originally heard by the author in 1974 and the ending was “reported to have happened” (Gardiner 1980). The film was later made into a movie. Stone Fox, a children’s fiction story, is geared toward youth from seven to ten years old and describes a way of life that many children don’t experience any longer.…

    • 1168 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Superior Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Capabilities of Women, Or, the Dual Aspasia As literacy and questions of equality rose, many began to question the values they held, and to varying degrees argue for the discrepancies between race, class and very importantly, sex. Both Mary Wollstonecraft and Hannah More can, and should, be seen as the dialectical evolution of femininity in literature, and more importantly, in the social consciousness. Their efforts despite opposing views helped to steer the conversation on “where” all women belong into a more reasonable state, irreversibly throwing into question ancient and resilient notions as to the strengths and weaknesses of sexes. However, despite both furthering the cause of recognizing the equality between sexes, both displayed femininity in a different light.…

    • 1410 Words
    • 6 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Superior Essays

    Gender Roles In Candide

    • 1622 Words
    • 7 Pages

    Voltaire’s Candide: Women’s Role in Society Women during the 1700s, the time period during which the novel is set, understood they had very little power; and it was only through men that they could exert any influence. Women at this time were seen as mere objects that acted as conciliation prizes for the gain of power and their sole use was for reproduction. Maintaining the duty of tiding the home and looking after the children, no outlet for an education or a chance to make a voice for themselves. Men acted as the leading voice in society, making all substantial decisions for women. The hierarchy of genders was ever so present and was based on the physical differences between men and women.…

    • 1622 Words
    • 7 Pages
    Superior Essays
  • Improved Essays

    The protagonist in Alice Munro’s short story ‘Boys and Girls’ is about a young girl whose life is characterized by gender roles set by the society during the 20th century. Munro specifically does not give the protagonist a name within the story to indicate that she is an individual without identity or any power of her own, whereas her brother, a boy, is given the name Laird (The Gender Conflict in Munro’s “Boys and Girls”). Discrimination is further emphasized when the protagonist’s father praises his daughter to the salesman whose surprised reply was “I thought it was only a girl” (Munro, "Boys and Girls"). This gender discrimination affects the relationship the young girl has with her father as she tries to “imitate and identify herself to…

    • 1154 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    The effect of a male-dominated society on the school system’s curriculum includes reading poems and stories that have men holding power over women. The female protagonist begins to challenge the required literature at her school because the female characters are not good role models for young women since their downfalls are a result of being too eager to please and trusting the wrong men. In the story, the young girl questions what purpose these weak female characters serve in the classroom: “why did we have to study these hapless, annoying, dumb-bunny girls?” (Atwood 224). This quotation aids in understanding why Atwood’s female narrator identifies with the Duke as opposed to the Duchess because it illustrates her yearning for females to be represented as powerful and intelligent instead of merely an object that men can easily push around.…

    • 974 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Improved Essays