Overconfident doctors often rely on their skills and ability alone. Gawande believes relying on one's ability alone is not always the best. For example, in a study, a group of Harvard Business School researchers followed and examined eighteen cardiac surgeons and their teams as they learned new techniques to help minimize invasive cardiac surgery. The surgery was supposed to take about three to six hours on average; however, some teams took three times more than the average on the same surgery. The results showed that surgeons who worked closely together with their team performed better and faster than surgeons who had different members on their teams for every surgery. Gawande explains, "Practice, it turned out did not necessarily make perfect.
