Gastrointestinal disorders (GI) refers to diseases that involve the gastrointestinal tract. This is made up of the esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine and the rectum. There are a variety of different GI disorders but the most common are: Gastroeophagel Reflux Disease (GERD), Inflammatory Bowel Disorder (IBD) and Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders (FGIDs). Functional gastrointestinal disorders are common disorders that can be seen in any segment of gastrointestinal tract. These disorders however cannot be explained by biochemical or structural abnormalities {{123 Adibi, Peyman 2012;}} In terms of functional gastrointestinal disorders there are six subcategories based on the five anatomical regions and then two more categories
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This can include disorders such as infant colic, infant regurgitation, infant ramification, and functional diarrhea {{130 Hyman, Paul E 2006;}}. Finally childhood functional GI disorders: child/adolescent that uses a criteria for children between the ages of 4 and 18. In this particular subcategory they look at vomiting and aerophagia, abdominal pain-related FGIDs and constipation and incontinence {{128 Rasquin, Andrée 2006;}}. In this particular subgroup the duration of the symptoms must be present for two months instead of three for all of the disorders except for the abdominal migraine and cyclic vomiting syndrome {{128 Rasquin, Andrée 2006;}}. Functional GI disorders account for more than 50% of the consultations in pediatric gastroenterology practice and between 2-4% in all pediatric office visits {{113 Nurko,S. …show more content…
Through studies we have learned that there is a higher prevalence of IBS among patients that also have a family member that has suffered from a functional GI disorder {{135 Surdea-Blaga, Teodora 2012;}}. IBS is considered a biopsychosocial disease because there are several major mechanisms that interact including, enhanced visceral sensation, central perception of visceral events, abnormal intestinal motility, and abnormal psychosocial factors {{132 Mach,T. 2004;}}. The ENS, functions independently from the CNS, and it controls GI motility and secretion. The brain-gut axis is made up of bidirectional neural pathways that link the central nervous system, automatic, enteric, and neuroendocrine systems {{111 Kim, SE 2012;}}. When it comes to the bidirectional interaction between the brain and gut they play a vital role in the regulations in the functions of health and disease. In terms of health the interactions are crucial in the regulation of the digestive processed, the gut-associated immune system and the overall physical and emotional state of the organism in regards to the activity of the digestive tract {{131 Mayer,E.A. 2011;}}. Alterations between the central and peripheral are likely to cause symptoms of chronic abdominal pain and associated GI dysfunction. Coordination of gut functions with the overall homeostatic state of the organism requires close and continuous
This can include disorders such as infant colic, infant regurgitation, infant ramification, and functional diarrhea {{130 Hyman, Paul E 2006;}}. Finally childhood functional GI disorders: child/adolescent that uses a criteria for children between the ages of 4 and 18. In this particular subcategory they look at vomiting and aerophagia, abdominal pain-related FGIDs and constipation and incontinence {{128 Rasquin, Andrée 2006;}}. In this particular subgroup the duration of the symptoms must be present for two months instead of three for all of the disorders except for the abdominal migraine and cyclic vomiting syndrome {{128 Rasquin, Andrée 2006;}}. Functional GI disorders account for more than 50% of the consultations in pediatric gastroenterology practice and between 2-4% in all pediatric office visits {{113 Nurko,S. …show more content…
Through studies we have learned that there is a higher prevalence of IBS among patients that also have a family member that has suffered from a functional GI disorder {{135 Surdea-Blaga, Teodora 2012;}}. IBS is considered a biopsychosocial disease because there are several major mechanisms that interact including, enhanced visceral sensation, central perception of visceral events, abnormal intestinal motility, and abnormal psychosocial factors {{132 Mach,T. 2004;}}. The ENS, functions independently from the CNS, and it controls GI motility and secretion. The brain-gut axis is made up of bidirectional neural pathways that link the central nervous system, automatic, enteric, and neuroendocrine systems {{111 Kim, SE 2012;}}. When it comes to the bidirectional interaction between the brain and gut they play a vital role in the regulations in the functions of health and disease. In terms of health the interactions are crucial in the regulation of the digestive processed, the gut-associated immune system and the overall physical and emotional state of the organism in regards to the activity of the digestive tract {{131 Mayer,E.A. 2011;}}. Alterations between the central and peripheral are likely to cause symptoms of chronic abdominal pain and associated GI dysfunction. Coordination of gut functions with the overall homeostatic state of the organism requires close and continuous