Some of the other elements that constitutes to the costs are the-Water purchasing, transportation and disposal costs. Transporting the water from the well site for its disposal can be literally expensive. Recycling the use of water could have alleviated these extensive costs in water supply to a certain extend. However, It’s argued that, the cost of recycling water in Barnett scale incorporating the costs of transportation and other disposal costs surfaces to nearly $5/barrel when compared to $2.5/barrel for disposal into the well (Basin oil and Gas Magazine, 2010).
Several other profits run into the oil and gas industry as plastics and other petro chemicals are produced with the accessibility to natural gas. Moreover, Ethane produced from …show more content…
Without the hydraulic fracturing process, the production sector and the economies wouldn’t have seen this growth.
Different countries such as Canada (NEB, 2009; CCA, 2014), The United Kingdom, The United States and Australia have also come forth to address and develop their hydraulic fracturing techniques over the years (cook et al, 2013).
The Reduced Emissions completions (REC) technique is used today in the fracking process to restrict the amounts of methane being produced. This is done by capturing and separating the natural gas during well completion. Moreover, it’s also stated that, the use of these technologies could reduce the natural gas leakage by 90 %( Harvey et al 2012).
Some of the other technological advancements are presented …show more content…
This is done to mitigate the issues caused as, they are generally supplied to the well site in concentrated form which increases the waste and the air pollutants being emitted.
• Technology to mitigate Surface Impacts
Hydraulic fracturing techniques produces high surface impacts with the use of various heavy operational equipment. Several companies have focused on certain experiments that could be carried out with the use of automated equipment which would run from remote operation centers, further alleviating the need for multiple units on the site (Clanton, 2010).The use of hydraulic fracturing pads and other techniques provide an outbreak to abate the surface impacts being caused. Nowadays, container tanks have replaced the water pit storage minimizing hazardous leaks and polluted air emissions (BLM, 2009).
• Chemicals and proppant
Researches have been carried out by different companies involving the use of green chemicals that are designed to achieve the necessary task during the fracture treatment process ultimately reducing the potential hazards on the surface (Devine et al,
Several other profits run into the oil and gas industry as plastics and other petro chemicals are produced with the accessibility to natural gas. Moreover, Ethane produced from …show more content…
Without the hydraulic fracturing process, the production sector and the economies wouldn’t have seen this growth.
Different countries such as Canada (NEB, 2009; CCA, 2014), The United Kingdom, The United States and Australia have also come forth to address and develop their hydraulic fracturing techniques over the years (cook et al, 2013).
The Reduced Emissions completions (REC) technique is used today in the fracking process to restrict the amounts of methane being produced. This is done by capturing and separating the natural gas during well completion. Moreover, it’s also stated that, the use of these technologies could reduce the natural gas leakage by 90 %( Harvey et al 2012).
Some of the other technological advancements are presented …show more content…
This is done to mitigate the issues caused as, they are generally supplied to the well site in concentrated form which increases the waste and the air pollutants being emitted.
• Technology to mitigate Surface Impacts
Hydraulic fracturing techniques produces high surface impacts with the use of various heavy operational equipment. Several companies have focused on certain experiments that could be carried out with the use of automated equipment which would run from remote operation centers, further alleviating the need for multiple units on the site (Clanton, 2010).The use of hydraulic fracturing pads and other techniques provide an outbreak to abate the surface impacts being caused. Nowadays, container tanks have replaced the water pit storage minimizing hazardous leaks and polluted air emissions (BLM, 2009).
• Chemicals and proppant
Researches have been carried out by different companies involving the use of green chemicals that are designed to achieve the necessary task during the fracture treatment process ultimately reducing the potential hazards on the surface (Devine et al,