In the case Dallas Fire Fighters Ass'n v. City of Dallas, white and Native American male fire fighters claimed race and gender-conscious promotions violated the Equal Protection Clause (Berkeley, 1996). The plaintiffs claimed the department passed them over for promotions solely on the basis of race or gender pursuant to the Department's affirmative action plan (Berkeley, 1996). The court held the constitutionality of an affirmative action plan, whether voluntary or court-ordered, must be subjected to strict scrutiny (Berkeley, 1996). The court found that the City's policy of "skip promotions" in the fire department was not narrowly tailored and therefore violated the plaintiff's equal protections rights (Berkeley, 1996). Likewise, the female…
As stated above this case was brought to the United States District Court, Northern Division because the Plaintiff, Cindy A. Pilon, a Caucasian female applied for the Coordinator of Campus Recreation position at Saginaw Valley State University and was denied the position. The person who was rewarded the job was an African-American male. The plaintiff alleged reverse discrimination on January 7, 2003 and sued the university as well as the dean of the university, Richard P. Thompson. On march 10, 2003, the plaintiff amended her complaint, which now claims denial of equal protection of laws and discrimination on account of race in forming contracts; race discrimination against SVSU; and declaratory and injunctive relief against both defendants.…
Lewis filed a suit against Hartland for gender discrimination based on unlawful gender stereotyping. However, the suit was dismissed by the district court prompting Lewis to file an appeal. The legal issue being presented in this case is discrimination based on…
Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 states that, “It shall be an unlawful employment practice for an employer … to discriminate against any individual with respect to his compensation, terms, conditions, or privileges of employment, because of such individual’s race, color, sex, or national origin.” Its goal was to create equality of employment by removing obstacles facing certain classes, such as women. If a law firm had a dress code requiring women in receptionist and secretarial positions to wear high heels, the policy might be challenged under this statute. Courts have taken diverse approaches to applying Title VII and balancing employer and employee interests. Evidence of both adverse health effects and the cultural symbolism…
I’ll be discussing is the Title VII of the 1964 Civil Rights Act and EEOC, which prohibits discrimination because of one’s sex, race, religion, national, and color. In addition, it helps to stop discrimination whether it is intentional or unintentional. It applies to any employers who have 15 or more individuals under their umbrella. This act has been enforced by the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, also known as EEOC. Their primary job is to investigate a manner if an individual has filed a claim, and try to arrange a settlement between the parties involved.…
Women have struggled to be equal for over a century (Imbornoni, n.d.). Minority women have a steeper mountain to climb to reach equality. Women are able to demonstrate their abilities to provide equal contributions to employers. And, up to recently women have progressed in the armed forces by passing rigorous training to become the most elite in the United States Army. The opportunity to join the Rangers was only offered to men.…
One of the characteristics of the most effective training practices is: A. training starts at the bottom of the organization. B. little time is spent assessing training needs. C. training is evaluated by checking participant reactions. D. training is part of the corporate culture. 13.…
The historical efforts of the mandates in Equal Employment Opportunity (EEO) and Affirmative Action (AA) have made great strides. Their efforts have changed the manner in which many organizations recruit and promote. Moreover, the EEO and AA are the tools used in many organizations that increase opportunities for both females and minorities in their employee pool (Leonard, 1983). However, there may be instances where the programs used to promote equal treatment within the populace discriminates by its use.…
The Equal Pay Act of 1963 is a United States federal law put in place to have men and women get paid equally not taking into consideration what the person gender is. To name a few of what both employees of the different sex will have equal will be bonuses, vacation, and holiday pay, salary and other benefits. John F. Kennedy is the president to sign off on this law on June 10, 1963. In 1943, men started to fear women getting paid less than they were. Men thought since women got paid less that they would replace them in the work field because of pay minimum wage.…
Just one year prior, the same Congress had passed the Equal Pay Act of 1963, which prohibited wage differentials based on sex. The prohibition on sex discrimination was added to the Civil Rights Act by Howard W. Smith, a powerful Virginia Democrat who chaired the House Rules Committee and who strongly opposed the legislation. Smith's amendment was passed by a teller vote of 168 to 133. Historians debate Smith's motivation, whether it was a cynical attempt to defeat the bill by someone opposed to both civil rights for blacks and women, or an attempt to support their rights by broadening the bill to include women.[23][24][25][26] Smith expected that Republicans, who had included equal rights for women in their party's platform since 1944, would…
In the Supreme Court case, Mach Mining v. EEOC, “A female employee at Mach Mining filed a charge with the EEOC claiming that Mach Mining had refused to hire her as a coal miner because of her sex.” (Stevens and Vladeck). Even though it was found that the company was discriminating, the fact that issues like this rise up to the Supreme Court illustrates that there will always be serious conflicts and disagreements of things being considered…
The significance of the 1964 the Civil Rights Act in my Life Today “ Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 amended in 1991, prohibits employment discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin.” (Phillips, 2015, p. 57) The protections afforded me as a result of the passing of the Civil Rights Act is significant.…
Miss Congeniality is an action comedy film that came out in the year 2000. This film starred the very well- known actress Sandra Bullock, who plays an FBI agent who has to undergo a transformation in order to become a contestant in the Miss America pageant. Bullock was later nominated for Best Actress at the 2001 Golden Globes, for her performance in Miss Congeniality. From its opening weekend till now Miss Congeniality has made close to a hundred and seven million dollars. The director of this movie was Donald Petrie, who went on to direct the movie “How to Lose a Guy in 10 Days” in 2003 and several other movies after that.…
The ethical problem in the case against Ledbetter vs. Goodyear Tire and Rubber Company is that the company unfairly paid Lilly Ledbetter while working there for 19 years due to her gender. Unfortunately, women have had a hard time gaining respect. They only wanted to be treated fairly and received the same pay as others. In some cases, it states that women will not be able to get paid equally regardless if it is for the same job function.…
Although women’s status in society has improved, gender discrimination still persists within the legal profession. In 1954, Title VII of the Civil Rights Act established that it was unconstitutional to discriminate based on sex, race, color or religion (Dworkin 29). However, women are still faced with injustices in the work world. It is often difficult for women to receive promotions as compared to men. The objective of my research is to assess the ongoing problem of women’s lower status and pay equity in the legal profession.…