Four Organisational Theories Essay

Improved Essays
ANALYSIS OF FOUR ORGANISATIONAL THEORETICAL CONTRIBUTIONS
Brendan Ryan
University of the People

Abstract

This paper briefly analyses four important theoretical schools of thought in Organisational Theory. Taylors Scientific Management Theory, Fayols Administrative Theory, Webers Bureaucracy and Organisational Structure Theory and Simons Administrative Behaviour Theory. It then goes on to provide a closer look at Fayols Administrative Theory, and the way its concepts have influenced the development of organisation theories today.

Analysis of Four Organisational Theoretical Contributions Prior to the advent of industrialisation and more importantly modern mass production most businesses produced limited amounts of goods, using
…show more content…
He was more concerned with the administrative processes of the organisation in its entirety. Ideas such as the hierarchy of command/authority, span of control and division of labour were ideas put forward by Fayol which found much favour in many organisations of the 1900’s. Later theories were to criticise the simplistic nature in which Fayol viewed administrative conditions (Laegaard & Bindsley, 2006, …show more content…
The bureaucracy model also considered the social and historical perspectives of an organisation and was based on an unwavering trust in management and its ability (Laegaard & Bindsley, 2006, p.16). Middle managers, or bureaucrats, were tasked with ensuring that top managements wishes were implemented by the effective management of those below. Much like Fayols theory, this resulted in a certain rigidity within organisations that whilst highly ordered, lacked

Related Documents

  • Improved Essays

    James Q. Wilson looked at the bureaucracy from a practical and systematic perspective, not to focus on the control and dominant structure based on the abstract notion or values such as power and authority. That is, Wilson considered the bureaucracy as a managerial system to run the government and affiliated agencies effectively. Hence, he analyzed most parts of the government in relation to constructive roles and responsibilities, in particular, with keen interest toward individual agencies. His microscopic viewpoint to the bureaucracy is intimately linked with Astley and Van de Van (1983)’s categorization regarding organization and management, especially, “System-Structural View,” which is directed to the fulfillment of the role of the agencies…

    • 1398 Words
    • 6 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    A 1. In this paper I will be comparing the overall healthcare systems between the United States and that of Great Britain. A 2. In the United States we have private healthcare which each individual person has to pay for, one way or another. There are some government programs such as Medicare, Medicaid, Veterans health administration and Children's Health Insurance Program that help supplement healthcare but there are strict qualifications that must be met and not everyone may qualify for it.…

    • 688 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Workers in an organization heed to authority since the leaders exercise their powers via their formal positions or their offices. Hence in many situations the organizations hierarchy ends up making most of the decisions irrespective of the view of those on below. Furthermore bureaucracy and structure influence each other in a way that the authority uses direction and orders that are mostly based on the formal laws and rules of the organization. Most cases ones authority is limited to the position but in a bureaucratic organization this powers tend to be…

    • 911 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Learning Check Case Study

    • 1647 Words
    • 7 Pages

    The Ideal-Type Bureaucracy Perspective was founded by Max Weber, a German Sociologist, in 1947 (Hutchinson, 2015). Terry (2011), states, Weber’s theory promotes a uniform modus operandi, productivity, and a hierarchy of authority. In fact, according to Hutchinson (2015), elements of Ideal-Type Bureaucracy includes: “clear hierarchy and chain of command; clear division of labor based on specialized skills; formal rules of operation; formal and task –oriented communications; and merit based recruitment and advancement” (Hutchinson, 2015, p.421). All practices, procedures, powers and duties are clearly defined to avoid conjecture (Lutzker, 1982).…

    • 1647 Words
    • 7 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    POS 543

    • 1185 Words
    • 5 Pages

    Gulick also determined that there were two primary avenues for achieving coordination within an organization, by the structure of the organization itself or through an idea that dominated the effort of the…

    • 1185 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    There are many different Human service organisations and they all operate differently with their desire purpose and meeting human needs. An organisation that will be analysed is Scope; a Victorian disability support service who support people with intellectual or physical disabilities. Whilst focusing on the services that they provide and engaging with Scopes; purpose, technology and auspice. Also importantly understanding how the organisation is structured and how it is perceived by the community in order to have a greater meaning in human service organisations. Scope was established in 1948 by a few families who were desperate for support for their children who had cerebral palsy.…

    • 1387 Words
    • 6 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Smallville

    • 770 Words
    • 4 Pages

    Smallville, Illinois Current Operation The theoretical framework that aligns the best with the current operations within the organization is Max Weber's Theory of Bureaucracy. Smallville employees communicated their concerns of not having any opportunities to engage in the decision making process in addition to not being able to express their concerns. Smallville current structure has employees working independently, which is the result of the low morale within the organization. According to Tompkins, Weber Ideal Bureaucracy places clear limits on each office's scope of authority, arranging all offices in a hierarchy of authority, organizing officials on career basis, and requiring them to carry out directives with strict discipline and in…

    • 770 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Great Essays

    A bureaucracy is a systematic organisational structure that is hierarchical and rigid which focusses on centralised power. This centralised power provides the organisation with the authority to direct and control employees via an autocratic leadership style. Each employee specialises in an area, however, this specialisation can actually de-skill employees. In contrast, a post-bureaucracy employs a horizontal structure with decentralised power which enables employee empowerment (Clegg et al. 2011). This essay will argue that postbureaucracies are better at delivering change and innovation.…

    • 1678 Words
    • 7 Pages
    Great Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Mary Parker Follett

    • 1010 Words
    • 4 Pages

    It focuses on the efficiency, productivity, and output of employees as well as of the organisation as a whole. These theories guided early managers to better organise their businesses to increase productivity. There are three major classical approaches to management: administrative principles, scientific management and bureaucratic organisation. These approaches assume that people act in a rational manner that is driven mainly by economic concern (Schermerhorn et al. 2014, p.36). That is, people will do whatever is necessary to achieve the greatest personal and financial…

    • 1010 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Great Essays

    3 Organisational Development Theory Much of the academic research on OD points the work of Kurt Lewin who is regarded as a founding father of OD (Mclean, 2005) Lewin was a phycologist, hence much of his theory and models originate from the field of social psychology. The key theoretical roots of action research, group theory and change models came from Lewin’s early work (Cheung-Judge & Holbeche, 2011). They form the underpinnings of many change models including Kotter’s eight stage change model.…

    • 1486 Words
    • 6 Pages
    Great Essays
  • Improved Essays

    The Importance of Organizing in Health Care Management A number of major principles exist to support the framework for the formal organization theory, one being authority as an essential principle (Dunn, 2010). Authority can be described as a way of getting the job done by having the right to direct others and give orders (Dunn, 2010). Another primary principle is the span of management also known as the span of control (Dunn, 2010). This principle is defined as boundaries set on the number of people a manager may supervise or the amount of people who report to a manager (Dunn, 2010).…

    • 1421 Words
    • 6 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    The four theoretical contributions have been analyzed in detail in our Textbook `Organizational theory `.These contributions are starting from the relatively simple Scientific Management (Taylor) and Administrative theory (Fayol) to the more complex ones Bureaucracy and Organizational Structure (Weber) and Administrative Behavior (Simon). The scientific management is the most logical approach which is based on clear calculation; the work process itself was in focus and trough the method the individual executing the work preferably in the most effective way. At the time of Taylor (early 20th century) his approach was very progressive.…

    • 1024 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Superior Essays

    The Industrial Revolution was the transition to new manufacturing process in the period from about 1760 to sometime between 1820 and 1840. Great Britain was the birthplace of The Industrial Revolution. The revolution marked a shift of power, special purpose machinery, factories, and mass production. There were many products that played a major role in the revolution, these products include iron, textiles, and the steam engine. During this time transportation, communication, living standards, and banking improved in many ways.…

    • 1570 Words
    • 7 Pages
    Superior Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Traditional Leadership Styles This paper describes the traditional and new-genre leadership models and further details the differences between transactional and transformational leadership. The Industrial Era systematically designed organizational charts separating leaders from followers, but as hierarchies are becoming less linear, new-genre leadership models are penetrating the organizational charts, making traditional styles obsolete.…

    • 1283 Words
    • 6 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Superior Essays

    The scientific training of workers is important because it allows each worker to be able to achieve his greatest amount of efficiency. However a challenge to this facet is that it is human nature to resist change. Workers and management alike become accustom to how thing are being done and will initially resist the slightest change. Taylor felt that it was management’s duty of to scientifically analysis which changes they plan to put into practice in order to create the smallest amount of rebellion within the minds of the workforce. Bureaucratic management relies on authority of regulations to implement change.…

    • 1083 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Superior Essays