Formaldehyde, the most simple’s aldehyde, is a widely used agent, abundant in the environment and naturally made in organisms, is a well know carcinogenic to many organisms. The US National Toxicology Program composed of US agencies like NIH, the FDA, and the CDC have grouped formaldehyde as an agent “known to be carcinogenic” (CDC, 2014). The mechanisms by which formaldehyde produces its carcinogenic affects and the mechanism by which the cell repairs these aberrations inflicted on DNA is not know. This paper will focus on formaldehyde’s abundance in the surrounding environment, as well as the ways formaldehyde interacts with DNA to induce DNA damage. This paper will also briefly talk about some plausible mechanisms of DNA repair the cell
…show more content…
Micronuclei formation occurs during anaphase of mitosis, where acentric chromosomes, chromatid fragments, and even a whole chromosome are not pulled to opposite ends of pole, therefore lagging behind the other chromatids (Holland and Cleveland, 2014). This lagging genetic segment is not incorporated into the nucleus of both the two new daughter cells, and ends up getting its own nuclear envelope (Holland and Cleveland, 2014). These micronuclei’s are then segregated into one of the daughter cells, usually the one with the missing material from its main nucleus. The result is that the daughter cells in essence don’t loose or gain genetic material, resulting in aneuploidy, but rather one daughter cells having a complete set of genetic material, while the other not having a full genetic set in the main nucleus but still has the missing genetic material in a smaller nucleus (Holland and Cleveland, 2014). Micronuclei formation has used as an indicator of how much DNA damage has occurred in the cell. Therefore many believe that micronuclei formation possible could be part of the pathogenesis of malignancies observed in many cancer cells (Holland and Cleveland, 2014). One possibility is that the micronuclei formation can contribute to cancer as segments of chromatid or even full chromosomes lost for the main nucleus could have had regulator and or structural genes necessary for proper cell division. Lost of these important elements could lead to uncontrolled proliferation as possibly the genetic material in the micronuclei is not being
Micronuclei formation occurs during anaphase of mitosis, where acentric chromosomes, chromatid fragments, and even a whole chromosome are not pulled to opposite ends of pole, therefore lagging behind the other chromatids (Holland and Cleveland, 2014). This lagging genetic segment is not incorporated into the nucleus of both the two new daughter cells, and ends up getting its own nuclear envelope (Holland and Cleveland, 2014). These micronuclei’s are then segregated into one of the daughter cells, usually the one with the missing material from its main nucleus. The result is that the daughter cells in essence don’t loose or gain genetic material, resulting in aneuploidy, but rather one daughter cells having a complete set of genetic material, while the other not having a full genetic set in the main nucleus but still has the missing genetic material in a smaller nucleus (Holland and Cleveland, 2014). Micronuclei formation has used as an indicator of how much DNA damage has occurred in the cell. Therefore many believe that micronuclei formation possible could be part of the pathogenesis of malignancies observed in many cancer cells (Holland and Cleveland, 2014). One possibility is that the micronuclei formation can contribute to cancer as segments of chromatid or even full chromosomes lost for the main nucleus could have had regulator and or structural genes necessary for proper cell division. Lost of these important elements could lead to uncontrolled proliferation as possibly the genetic material in the micronuclei is not being