Marcia
Marcia disagreed with Erickson’s views on his identity phase of development and enhanced them by centralizing his theory on adolescent development. Marcia proposed four different phases of identity development. Before the child can develop their identity they must first break away from their childhood belief and explore alternative identities, choose one and commit to it. He identified life defining areas for identity development as: politics, career, religion (Marcia 1966)
Marcia’s (1966) four non-sequential states of identity development are:
1. Identity Diffusion: This person has yet to think about or is avoiding thinking about their identity and hence has not committed to a life direction.
2. Foreclosure: This person has made …show more content…
Horst (1995) critiqued his efforts to adjust the theory to meet female developmental needs by adding questions about attitudes towards premarital sex, these changes did not result in a better understanding of women’s development (Horst 1995). Marcia felt the disconnect was because the identity formation takes linger for women as the intimacy identity takes longer for me. (Marcia as quoted in Horst 1985) Viewing intimacy as a delayed development as acceptable is affirming stereotypes about men that are assumed as normative and healthy.
Spencer: Phenomenological Variant Ecological Systems Theory
Simply stated Spencer’s Phenomenological Variant Ecological Systems Theory or PVEST is a holistic theory that considers the interchange between the person and their worldview and the impact society, culture, systems and history have on identity development. (1995)
It considers the positioning of the person not only within familial and social situations but also in society at large and larger political, cultural and historical systems. It takes into account how people interpret their circumstance, actions of others and the systems they inhabit and their internal and external reactions to these
Marcia disagreed with Erickson’s views on his identity phase of development and enhanced them by centralizing his theory on adolescent development. Marcia proposed four different phases of identity development. Before the child can develop their identity they must first break away from their childhood belief and explore alternative identities, choose one and commit to it. He identified life defining areas for identity development as: politics, career, religion (Marcia 1966)
Marcia’s (1966) four non-sequential states of identity development are:
1. Identity Diffusion: This person has yet to think about or is avoiding thinking about their identity and hence has not committed to a life direction.
2. Foreclosure: This person has made …show more content…
Horst (1995) critiqued his efforts to adjust the theory to meet female developmental needs by adding questions about attitudes towards premarital sex, these changes did not result in a better understanding of women’s development (Horst 1995). Marcia felt the disconnect was because the identity formation takes linger for women as the intimacy identity takes longer for me. (Marcia as quoted in Horst 1985) Viewing intimacy as a delayed development as acceptable is affirming stereotypes about men that are assumed as normative and healthy.
Spencer: Phenomenological Variant Ecological Systems Theory
Simply stated Spencer’s Phenomenological Variant Ecological Systems Theory or PVEST is a holistic theory that considers the interchange between the person and their worldview and the impact society, culture, systems and history have on identity development. (1995)
It considers the positioning of the person not only within familial and social situations but also in society at large and larger political, cultural and historical systems. It takes into account how people interpret their circumstance, actions of others and the systems they inhabit and their internal and external reactions to these