This expectation was stressed in SAS No. 90 which stated, "In each SEC engagement, the auditor should discuss with the audit committee the auditor's judgments about the quality, not just the acceptability, of the entity's accounting principles applied in its financial reporting. The discussion should also include items that have a significant impact on the representational faithfulness, verifiability, and neutrality of the accounting information included in the financial statements. “ As a consequence, the choices of accounting principles made by one company are often different than those made by another company. Potential lenders and investors, who read the financial statement and rely on its fair representation of the financial condition…
The debt to equity ratio measures a company’s financial leverage by dividing its liabilities by its equity. A high ratio indicates a company is using too much financing to grow. Although financing is a great tool for increasing production and capital, it is significant that CanGo shows financial growth so that higher earnings can be distributed to shareholders rather than cash flow going to repaying debts. Barnes & Noble’s most recent debt to equity ratio is 0.33 (Businessweek.com, 2014), CanGo’s is 0.67 which is notably higher than the industry average. Still, other ratios tell us that CanGo is not financing its growth enough, and is being too cautious with its capital.…
When one has power over another, one has the ability to make them feel isolated from a variety of experiences. The struggle between power and alienation is present in a wide range of human experiences. It takes a different form depending on the experience. The struggle can occur between a teacher and a student, and two different cultures.…
Cassidy Donelan Professor Henry BACC 3110 15 October 2015 Case #1 – Aetna, Inc.’s Critical Accounting Policies Critical accounting policies for firms or industries are policies having a high level of subjectivity, bearing a material impact on financial statements. These estimates, required by the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) are outlined in the Management’s Discussion and Analysis (MD&A) section of each company’s 10-K filing as of 2002. The SEC, in requiring these estimates to be disclosed, hoped to increase investor understanding of why critical accounting estimates were important, and how each policy’s figures were arrived at. Aetna Inc., a Connecticut-based company within the managed healthcare industry, sells health insurance plans and services covering “medical, pharmacy and dental plans, life and disability plans, Medicaid services, behavioral health programs, and medical management” (“Creating a Healthier World”). The nature of the healthcare industry makes it necessary for companies, such as Aetna, to rely on critical accounting estimates in their annual preparation of their financial statements.…
If a company is a governmental entity, the reporting method changes dramatically. The purpose of a government entity is to provide financial statements to taxpayers, citizens, elected representatives, bondholders, and financial community. Most of government entity revenues comes from taxpayers, donations, and public service. Compared to a for-profit company, the revenues is generated by sales, services, and investments. The GASB is responsible for setting standards for governmental entity and the FASB set the rules for for-profit companies.…
• Recent attempts have been made to try and ensure that Japanese accounting standards fit international standards o Big Bang financial reforms are helping harmonise with international standards o ASBJ and IASB agreed to launch a joint project to reduce differences between IFRS and Japanese…
Standard setting in the accounting industry has a long and…
Another aspect of the ASB Clarity Project is complying and conforming of the International Convergence. There was teleconference training to inform advisors with new and recent material changes to the Auditing Standards. The outline consisted of the circumstances of the Clarity Project (the reformatting of the project, convergence; and the effective date); the material changes to the standards (the main objective and definitions of each standards); and the navigational modification to the standards (preparing and organizing the improvements) This training will address client’s international operation management; the impact of auditor’s goals; and government agencies’ special considerations. The teleconference will inform companies of…
Statement 162 was provided as a relief and is meant to be directed to the entities since the entity is responsible for selecting accounting principles for financial statements that are presented in conformity with GAAP. The hierarchy in this Statement comes as a relief to those preparing financial statements. The AICPAs Statement on Auditing Standards No. 69, The Meaning of Present Fairly in Conformity With Generally Accepted Accounting Principles has been greatly criticized as being more applicable to auditors of financial statements rather than the entity itself. It was also considered to be rather complex.…
The new standard addressed those areas in order to reduce the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements. According to AS 18, the primary auditor responsibilities are to determine whether related party’s transactions and relationships have been properly identified, accounted, and disclosed in the financial statements. The communication guidance between the auditor and audit committee resides in AU-C 260 and AS…
Americanah reflects Ifemelu’s strugglings with the aspect of immersion into American life. The entire process of adjustment into American culture creates a lot of insecurities for this girl. She tries to be a Nigerian woman in America, but her fears of assimilation, losing the original culture, and trying to fit in, hinder this process. While in America, Ifemelu faces many obstacles,ranging from her appearance to language, which cause her to pause in development as a human being.…
Fantasy theme came from the study of group communication that Robert Bales created, but was developed by Ernest Bormann. According to Foss, this theme “is designed to provide insights into the shared worldview of groups” (97). Not only does it provide insights, but it also creates imaginative images. The goal of this theme is to understand how two worlds come together, known as the term convergence. Convergence means, “the way two or more private symbolic worlds incline toward each other, come more closely together, or even overlap during a certain process of communication” (Foss 97).…
On the other side was the historical view, which Boas ascribed to. In this, culture dispersed (or communicated) throughout societies. Some proposers of diffusion stated that inventions emerged from a source, then diffused to other civilisations over time. They began from the same geographic locale and hence had similarities. Some went further with this hypothesis by claiming that man was essentially a mimic (Smith, 1916; F. Graebner: 191).…
SWOT Analysis of two banks SWOT analysis is a list of the business greatest strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats. Conduct SWOT analysis of the business that will not take a lot of time, doing it forces you to think about your business in new way. My duty in this TMA doing SWOT analysis between the two banks, one of which is a national bank headquartered in Oman named Bank Muscat and the other is appointed by us international Bank ICICI is located in India with more than 19 office worldwide. strength point: With assets worth more than $ 27 billion, Bank Muscat leading financial services in Oman with a strong presence in corporate banking, retail banking, investment banking, Islamic banking services, treasury, private banking and asset management.…
E INDICES 1. Trade Complementarity Index The trade complementarity (TC) index provides significant information on opportunities for intraregional trade. It shows how well the structures of a country’s imports and exports match. It also has the feature that its values for countries considering the formation of a re-gional trade agreement can be compared with others that have formed or tried to form similar arrangements.…