According to Michael Czinkota et.al, the role of a worker has been changing from the job undertaken to the terms of participation in the process of decision making.
In the need for improvement of employees decision making processes new methods have developed such as self-management, work councils, minority board membership and co-determination.
In addition, there have been efforts made to improve the workers quality of life, initiation of programs and a re-organization of quality circles and workflow in the businesses.
Employees participation in decision making and their quality of life are the main areas management …show more content…
The countries that use this form of representation include Austria, Germany, Netherlands, and Switzerland.
In co-determination the workers are represented in the supervisory board to facilitate communication between management and employees provide them with knowledge on the financial limits of the management and to management the employees’ point of view.
According to Dr. G. Rathnakar (2012), John Leitch referred to Labor participation as Industrial Democracy which he stated that it’s the organization of any factory or other business institution into a little democratic state with a representative government which shall have both the legislative and the executive phases.
In this Dr. Rathnakar meant that the employees have to have the decision and policy making division and the implementation division in the any organization.
This would enable direct participation and involvement of the employees in the running of the organization.
Therefore, this would grant the employee the right to self-determination and self-government in the …show more content…
For instance, in case the company intends to introduce a new policy on health packages for the employees the representatives are able to negotiate freely for their colleagues the most preferable packages. 7.1.2 Improvement of quality in work life
According to Michael Czinkota et.al, quality work life comprises of increase of productivity and employees satisfaction.
The outcomes are achieved at individual level related programmes such as work design, team building, and work rescheduling.
According to Ruth Needleman, the search for quality work life was aimed at reforming of the workplace and re-education of the management on recognition and rewarding of the workers for their resourcefulness, intelligence and skills.
According to Svenn-Age et.al, In 1990s the European Union focused on creation of jobs and reduction of unemployment on the other hand ignoring the quality of work they were offering.
The result of this was an increase in national wage while there was a decrease of economic growth and productivity per