The paper evaluates research article that discusses current research of how bilingual advantages in executive function depend on characteristics of the participants and features of the tasks. Compared with monolinguals, bilinguals show superior performance in versions of such tasks as the Simon task, Stroop task, and flanker task. All these tasks require resolving conflict from distracting cues, switching efficiently between types of trials, and maintaining rules in working memory, all components of executive functioning system.
Three main questions considered in the research. First, in tasks involving executive functioning, are bilingual advantages more apparent at different point in the life span? To test that were administered the same executive …show more content…
In the verbal task, the trial began with a central fixation for 1,000 ms, followed by the memory set containing five letters for 1,000 ms. Next was a blank interval of 3,000 ms, after which a probe appeared and the participant pressed a key to indicate whether the probe was one of the letters in the preceding memory set. In the nonverbal task, the memory set consisted of four stick figures (from a set of 26) presented on the screen for 2,500 ms, followed by a blank interval of 1,500 ms and then a probe …show more content…
Specifically, larger bilingual effects on executive functioning performance are found in older adults than in younger adults, and in nonverbal material than in verbal material, with interactions between these factors. Moreover, Study 2 demonstrated these effects in a difficult working memory task, showing the breadth of these processing differences. Executive functioning is a complex set of processes, and bilingualism is a complex life experience, so it is not surprising that the relation between them is also complex. The present results shed light on those
Three main questions considered in the research. First, in tasks involving executive functioning, are bilingual advantages more apparent at different point in the life span? To test that were administered the same executive …show more content…
In the verbal task, the trial began with a central fixation for 1,000 ms, followed by the memory set containing five letters for 1,000 ms. Next was a blank interval of 3,000 ms, after which a probe appeared and the participant pressed a key to indicate whether the probe was one of the letters in the preceding memory set. In the nonverbal task, the memory set consisted of four stick figures (from a set of 26) presented on the screen for 2,500 ms, followed by a blank interval of 1,500 ms and then a probe …show more content…
Specifically, larger bilingual effects on executive functioning performance are found in older adults than in younger adults, and in nonverbal material than in verbal material, with interactions between these factors. Moreover, Study 2 demonstrated these effects in a difficult working memory task, showing the breadth of these processing differences. Executive functioning is a complex set of processes, and bilingualism is a complex life experience, so it is not surprising that the relation between them is also complex. The present results shed light on those