Subsidiary atonement, which is one of the recurring themes in the New Testament, Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ dying in substitute for sinners, is evident in this magnum opus of Spielberg. ....However, despite serving active combat duties, Joey, the warhorse, survives the trauma and horrors of the war, after inspiring fighting Briish and German soldiers and returns to his master, Albert, after the end of the Great War. Spielberg delivers the sermon of the Cross, that of subsidary atonement, the slaughter of poor,innocent animals in the theatres of battle, uncared, unmourned, dying glorious deaths in order to atone for the sins of warring mankind
