An argument by character (ethos) uses the persuader’s personality, reputation, and ability to look trustworthy. It appeals to the audience’s gut.
An argument by emotion (pathos) is using the audience’s emotions to make them take action for your side of the argument. It appeals to the audience’s heart.
Concession is the most powerful tool of logos because it allows one to shift the issues where one has a better argument by taking advantage of things from the opponent’s argument. Essentially, one allows the opponent to talk their way into giving you the advantage in an argument.