Ancient DNA
• Summary: Ancient DNA is DNA that has been extracted extinct specimens. It can be used to study evolution and genomic consequences of long term environmental change. We can make species un-extinct by using the ancient DNA and then use this DNA to fertilize an embryo. However, the technology to do this is not available yet as no species have had their full genome sequenced. In addition, it is hard to find a surrogate to create an individual from this DNA. Ancient DNA is used today to trace back lineages and compare them to existing relatives of these species.
• What I learned: In this presentation, I learned how we can make extinct species unextinct through placing the ancient DNA in a gamete and then fertilizing the egg to create …show more content…
Then this DNA generated from the virus’ RNA genome is inserted into the host’s genome. Then the host’s transcription and translation machinery produce the proteins for the virus to replicate. HIV and some forms of cancer are examples of retroviruses. Ways to stop retroviruses is to inhibit the enzyme reverse transcriptase with gene therapy. HIV can be treated with antiretroviral therapy, ART, that will reduce the number of new HIV viruses and allow for the number of CD4 to decrease slowly instead of rapidly without treatment. However, not all retroviruses are bad. Retroviruses are used in gene therapy to insert therapeutic genes into patients. To use retroviruses in gene therapy, scientists first make modification to the virus’ genome to insert therapeutic genes and then use the virus to insert the therapeutic gene into the patient’s …show more content…
Twins are frequently used in biological research studies. Identical twin vs. fraternal twin studies allow researchers to compare how a trait may be influenced by genetics or by their environment. For example, one can conclude that a phenotype is mostly influenced by the environment if the fraternal and identical twins have the same variations for the trait. If the identical twins are more similar for the trait than fraternal twins, then the gene can be concluded to be more influenced by the environment. The second part of the presentation focuses on how twin studies have been used to study the incidence of diseases like schizophrenia. Symptoms of schizophrenia include hallucinations, delusions, disorganized thinking and speech, grossly disorganized behavior. In this study, it was found that 48% of identical twins have both twins with schizophrenia and fraternal twins have only a 17% incidence of both twins being affect by schizophrenia. This shows that the incidence of schizophrenia is both nature and nurture, but more nature since identical twins are more likely to inherit schizophrenia
• Summary: Ancient DNA is DNA that has been extracted extinct specimens. It can be used to study evolution and genomic consequences of long term environmental change. We can make species un-extinct by using the ancient DNA and then use this DNA to fertilize an embryo. However, the technology to do this is not available yet as no species have had their full genome sequenced. In addition, it is hard to find a surrogate to create an individual from this DNA. Ancient DNA is used today to trace back lineages and compare them to existing relatives of these species.
• What I learned: In this presentation, I learned how we can make extinct species unextinct through placing the ancient DNA in a gamete and then fertilizing the egg to create …show more content…
Then this DNA generated from the virus’ RNA genome is inserted into the host’s genome. Then the host’s transcription and translation machinery produce the proteins for the virus to replicate. HIV and some forms of cancer are examples of retroviruses. Ways to stop retroviruses is to inhibit the enzyme reverse transcriptase with gene therapy. HIV can be treated with antiretroviral therapy, ART, that will reduce the number of new HIV viruses and allow for the number of CD4 to decrease slowly instead of rapidly without treatment. However, not all retroviruses are bad. Retroviruses are used in gene therapy to insert therapeutic genes into patients. To use retroviruses in gene therapy, scientists first make modification to the virus’ genome to insert therapeutic genes and then use the virus to insert the therapeutic gene into the patient’s …show more content…
Twins are frequently used in biological research studies. Identical twin vs. fraternal twin studies allow researchers to compare how a trait may be influenced by genetics or by their environment. For example, one can conclude that a phenotype is mostly influenced by the environment if the fraternal and identical twins have the same variations for the trait. If the identical twins are more similar for the trait than fraternal twins, then the gene can be concluded to be more influenced by the environment. The second part of the presentation focuses on how twin studies have been used to study the incidence of diseases like schizophrenia. Symptoms of schizophrenia include hallucinations, delusions, disorganized thinking and speech, grossly disorganized behavior. In this study, it was found that 48% of identical twins have both twins with schizophrenia and fraternal twins have only a 17% incidence of both twins being affect by schizophrenia. This shows that the incidence of schizophrenia is both nature and nurture, but more nature since identical twins are more likely to inherit schizophrenia