Ethnological Theory
Presented by: Ramin Farooq
A theory in folklore studies that arose in England in the 1860’s and was current in world scholarship until the early 20th century. The originators of the ethnological theory were E. B. Tylor and A. Lang.Ethology studies the behavior of animals and humans from an evolutionary perspective
Darwin, Lorenz and Tinbergen, and Bowlby and Ainsworth
Human Ethology studies the biological basis of behavior. It is concerned with the adaptive, or survival, value of behavior and its evolutionary history. Its roots can be traced to the Darwin’s Theory of Evolution. Two European zoologists, Konrad Lorenz and Nikolaas Tinbergen, laid its modern foundations. Ethological research uses naturalistic observations …show more content…
The premise of the attachment theory is that mothers or caregivers who are accessible and responsive to their infant’s needs establish a sense of security with that infant. The infant feels safe and secure.
John Bowlby was the first attachment theorist. He recognized that attachment is a control system that helps infants maintain closeness to a caregiver, provide a secure base from which to explore the world, and helps an infant regulate their emotions.
Mary Ainsworth, a psychologist, conducted research in the 1970’s. She expounded on Bowlby’s original work. She began a study known as the “Strange Situation.” This innovative research observed children between the ages of 12 and 18 months. The children were briefly left alone and then brought back together with their mothers. Their responses in this situation lead Ainsworth to develop the descriptions for three of the major styles of …show more content…
Ambivalent-insecure Attachment – These children usually become very distressed when a parent or caregiver leaves them. This attachment style is relatively uncommon. It affects an estimated 7-15% of the children in the United States. These children cannot depend on their mother (or caregiver) to be there when the child is in need. It is believed that ambivalent attachment is a result of poor maternal availability.
3. Avoidant-insecure Attachment – These children tend to avoid parents or caregivers. If they are given a choice, children with avoidant-insecure attachment will show no preference between a parent/caregiver and a complete stranger. These children are punished for relying on the parent or caregiver and learn to avoid seeking help from them in the future. It is suggested that this attachment style might be a result of abusive or neglectful parents or caregivers. Main and Solomon, who conducted research in the late 1980’s, added a fourth attachment style based on their findings. That attachment style is disorganized-insecure attachment.
4. Disorganized-insecure Attachment – These children possess no rational style or pattern for coping. The experience with their parents or caregivers has been frightening. Any interactions they have had with humans, in general, were erratic. This results in their inability to form some type of model for interactions with people. These children do not know how to love or be
Presented by: Ramin Farooq
A theory in folklore studies that arose in England in the 1860’s and was current in world scholarship until the early 20th century. The originators of the ethnological theory were E. B. Tylor and A. Lang.Ethology studies the behavior of animals and humans from an evolutionary perspective
Darwin, Lorenz and Tinbergen, and Bowlby and Ainsworth
Human Ethology studies the biological basis of behavior. It is concerned with the adaptive, or survival, value of behavior and its evolutionary history. Its roots can be traced to the Darwin’s Theory of Evolution. Two European zoologists, Konrad Lorenz and Nikolaas Tinbergen, laid its modern foundations. Ethological research uses naturalistic observations …show more content…
The premise of the attachment theory is that mothers or caregivers who are accessible and responsive to their infant’s needs establish a sense of security with that infant. The infant feels safe and secure.
John Bowlby was the first attachment theorist. He recognized that attachment is a control system that helps infants maintain closeness to a caregiver, provide a secure base from which to explore the world, and helps an infant regulate their emotions.
Mary Ainsworth, a psychologist, conducted research in the 1970’s. She expounded on Bowlby’s original work. She began a study known as the “Strange Situation.” This innovative research observed children between the ages of 12 and 18 months. The children were briefly left alone and then brought back together with their mothers. Their responses in this situation lead Ainsworth to develop the descriptions for three of the major styles of …show more content…
Ambivalent-insecure Attachment – These children usually become very distressed when a parent or caregiver leaves them. This attachment style is relatively uncommon. It affects an estimated 7-15% of the children in the United States. These children cannot depend on their mother (or caregiver) to be there when the child is in need. It is believed that ambivalent attachment is a result of poor maternal availability.
3. Avoidant-insecure Attachment – These children tend to avoid parents or caregivers. If they are given a choice, children with avoidant-insecure attachment will show no preference between a parent/caregiver and a complete stranger. These children are punished for relying on the parent or caregiver and learn to avoid seeking help from them in the future. It is suggested that this attachment style might be a result of abusive or neglectful parents or caregivers. Main and Solomon, who conducted research in the late 1980’s, added a fourth attachment style based on their findings. That attachment style is disorganized-insecure attachment.
4. Disorganized-insecure Attachment – These children possess no rational style or pattern for coping. The experience with their parents or caregivers has been frightening. Any interactions they have had with humans, in general, were erratic. This results in their inability to form some type of model for interactions with people. These children do not know how to love or be