Ethological perspective
The ethological framework examines bullying from the perspective of its advantageousness, such as through the lens of natural selection or Darwinian evolution. Dominance is a construct containing both aversive (e.g., fighting, bullying peers) and affiliative behaviors (e.g., leadership, reconciliation, focus of attention) used by individuals to compete for valued social resources in the early phases of group organization (Pellegrini, 2002). Moreover, both aggression and affiliation relate to dominance at different phases in formation of new group structures. These behaviors, in certain circumstances, can actually foster peer affiliation, including social attraction and interaction including peer preference, inclusion
The ethological framework examines bullying from the perspective of its advantageousness, such as through the lens of natural selection or Darwinian evolution. Dominance is a construct containing both aversive (e.g., fighting, bullying peers) and affiliative behaviors (e.g., leadership, reconciliation, focus of attention) used by individuals to compete for valued social resources in the early phases of group organization (Pellegrini, 2002). Moreover, both aggression and affiliation relate to dominance at different phases in formation of new group structures. These behaviors, in certain circumstances, can actually foster peer affiliation, including social attraction and interaction including peer preference, inclusion