Introduction
Estradiol is the principal estrogen found in mammals during reproductive years. Previous research has shown that a concentration of 25 ng/L of estrogen (specifically 17-β estradiol) can cause kidney impairment, necrosis, liver damage, reproductive impairment and feminization to fish (Duff, 2005). Other studies have shown that men exposed to exaggerated levels of estrogens have a 50% reduction in sperm counts (Jensen, 1995). Tyrone Hayes has also shown in many independent studies that Endocrine Disrupting Compounds (EDC) in low concentrations can cause sex reversal in amphibians (Hayes, 2003). These and other studies demonstrate that increased exposure to estrogens in females can increase specific cancers. The Health Occupations …show more content…
Methods …show more content…
The Abraxis kit detection limit was 25 ng/L, therefore the actual concentration beyond that value cannot be determined accurately. Derby Waste Water Treatment Plant (DWWTP) influent levels were above the detection limit of the Abraxis ELISA kit used. The average DWWTP effluent 17-β Estradiol concentration (2.806 ng/L) was similar to the estrogen concentration in the Arkansas river just south of the Wichita Waste Water treatment plant (2.06 ng/L). The Arkansas River 17-β Estradiol concentrations had a range of 1.048 ng/L to 2.806 ng/L. Dry Creek 17-b Estradiol concentrations started lower at the northern sampling points and increased as the creek moved south towards the city of Derby (1.376, 2.158, and 3.318 ng/L respectively). In Spring Creek, 17-β Estradiol levels also increased going from the north to the south (2.019, 3.097, and >25 ng/L
Estradiol is the principal estrogen found in mammals during reproductive years. Previous research has shown that a concentration of 25 ng/L of estrogen (specifically 17-β estradiol) can cause kidney impairment, necrosis, liver damage, reproductive impairment and feminization to fish (Duff, 2005). Other studies have shown that men exposed to exaggerated levels of estrogens have a 50% reduction in sperm counts (Jensen, 1995). Tyrone Hayes has also shown in many independent studies that Endocrine Disrupting Compounds (EDC) in low concentrations can cause sex reversal in amphibians (Hayes, 2003). These and other studies demonstrate that increased exposure to estrogens in females can increase specific cancers. The Health Occupations …show more content…
Methods …show more content…
The Abraxis kit detection limit was 25 ng/L, therefore the actual concentration beyond that value cannot be determined accurately. Derby Waste Water Treatment Plant (DWWTP) influent levels were above the detection limit of the Abraxis ELISA kit used. The average DWWTP effluent 17-β Estradiol concentration (2.806 ng/L) was similar to the estrogen concentration in the Arkansas river just south of the Wichita Waste Water treatment plant (2.06 ng/L). The Arkansas River 17-β Estradiol concentrations had a range of 1.048 ng/L to 2.806 ng/L. Dry Creek 17-b Estradiol concentrations started lower at the northern sampling points and increased as the creek moved south towards the city of Derby (1.376, 2.158, and 3.318 ng/L respectively). In Spring Creek, 17-β Estradiol levels also increased going from the north to the south (2.019, 3.097, and >25 ng/L