See, e.g., Netscape, 295 F.3d at 1321-23; Sinskey v. Pharmacia Ophthalmics, Inc., 982 F.2d 494, 497-99 (Fed. Cir. 1992). For example, in Netscape, the patentee disclosed his software invention to two computer personnel at the University of California and gave them free and open access to the program at one of their workstations. The court found that this disclosure was an invalidating public use because the inventor failed to discuss a requirement of confidentiality and failed to maintain control over the invention’s use. 295 F.3d at 1321-22. Similarly, in Sinskey, the court held that the patentee’s act of surgically installing his invented intraocular lenses into patients established public use because he charged a fee and there was no discussion of confidentiality. 982 F.2d at …show more content…
See, e.g., Motionless Keyboard Co. v. Microsoft Corp., 486 F.3d 1376, 1380-85 (Fed. Cir. 2007); TP Labs., 724 F.2d at 968-73. For instance, in Motionless Keyboard, the patentee held viewing demonstrations of his invented keyboard and had one user perform a typing test. 486 F.3d at 1378-79. The user performing the typing test signed an NDA; the potential investors who observed the demonstrations also signed NDAs, although some of them expired before the critical date. Id. at 1379. The court held that the demonstrations and typing test were not public use because the NDAs established an expectation of confidentiality and the invention was not used its intended way except during the typing test. Id. at 1380-85. As another example, in TP Labs., the plaintiff was a group of orthodontists who held a patent for a orthodontic invention that was tested over the course of three patients’ treatments. 724 F.2d at 966-68. The court held that this use was not public because TP Laboratories kept detailed treatment records and that, although there was no discussion of confidentiality, it was beyond reasonable probability that one of the patients would show the device to others skilled in the art. Id. at