Autonomy vs. shame and doubt (Year 2). In this stage, the child must learn to be autonomous and self-directing. The caregivers can help in resolving this crisis by providing opportunities and support for competent behavior. These opportunities might involve toilet behavior, eating, or language usage. As an example, parents who act disgusted when their children soil their diapers or pants are likely to suppress in their children feelings of independence and to create a sense of shame in them. The same result might occur from excessive concern over how children should act at mealtime. On the other hand, a supportive atmosphere in which children are praised for success in toilet training or eating activities and consoled when minor failures or
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One set of responses (demanding, suspicious, punishing) by the parents might lead to the development of a mistrusting, tentative, and guilt-constrained child. A different set of responses (accepting, rewarding, encouraging) will result in a child who is confident, independent, and high in initiative. In addition, interactions with peers can result in feelings of competence or inferiority all of which are determinants of resilience level.
Psychoanalytic Development
The Psychoanalytic theory states that unconscious forces act as determinants of personality. According to psychoanalytic theory, our behavior is produced in part by the thoughts, emotions, and desires harbored in the unconscious, the part of the personality in which a person is unaware (Friedman & Schustack 2011). Because many of life’s experiences are unpleasant or painful, the unconsciousness provides a safe haven for recollections of them, where they will not disturb our conscious existence.
One form of resilience is by having a defense mechanism. Defense mechanisms are thought to safeguard the mind against feelings and thoughts that are too difficult for the conscious mind to cope with (psychology. about.com, …show more content…
Piaget’s main point is that resilience develops even though people differ in the exact age at which they attain them (Journals.cambridge.org, 2012).
Another theorist, Lawrence Kohlberg, believed that humans undergo six stages of moral development (McLeod, 2011). Stage 2 of his moral development is called instrumental hedonism. In here, some consideration is given to the conflicting interests of other parties and an effort is made to strike a balance. Children in this stage try to solve problems by trying to attain equilibrium and one way of getting it is by appeasing their peers. Their peers in return, turn as their support system in times of stress.
Overall, the theoretical framework captures the different human developmental stages where late childhood and early adolescent lies according to various theorists. Along with the other research conducted, it was found that everyone
One set of responses (demanding, suspicious, punishing) by the parents might lead to the development of a mistrusting, tentative, and guilt-constrained child. A different set of responses (accepting, rewarding, encouraging) will result in a child who is confident, independent, and high in initiative. In addition, interactions with peers can result in feelings of competence or inferiority all of which are determinants of resilience level.
Psychoanalytic Development
The Psychoanalytic theory states that unconscious forces act as determinants of personality. According to psychoanalytic theory, our behavior is produced in part by the thoughts, emotions, and desires harbored in the unconscious, the part of the personality in which a person is unaware (Friedman & Schustack 2011). Because many of life’s experiences are unpleasant or painful, the unconsciousness provides a safe haven for recollections of them, where they will not disturb our conscious existence.
One form of resilience is by having a defense mechanism. Defense mechanisms are thought to safeguard the mind against feelings and thoughts that are too difficult for the conscious mind to cope with (psychology. about.com, …show more content…
Piaget’s main point is that resilience develops even though people differ in the exact age at which they attain them (Journals.cambridge.org, 2012).
Another theorist, Lawrence Kohlberg, believed that humans undergo six stages of moral development (McLeod, 2011). Stage 2 of his moral development is called instrumental hedonism. In here, some consideration is given to the conflicting interests of other parties and an effort is made to strike a balance. Children in this stage try to solve problems by trying to attain equilibrium and one way of getting it is by appeasing their peers. Their peers in return, turn as their support system in times of stress.
Overall, the theoretical framework captures the different human developmental stages where late childhood and early adolescent lies according to various theorists. Along with the other research conducted, it was found that everyone