During pregnancy, some factors play a role in a fetus’s growth and development. The fetus depends on the mother for life and becomes vulnerable to different environmental influences that can affect their development. During Jane’s pregnancy, she experiences stress (due to husband being laid off), occasionally drank (drank heavily during the third trimester), experience stress (due to husband being laid off), and lived in a rural area. In this case study of infant Sam, these environmental influences might have an effect on his growth and development. When stress is experienced during pregnancy, the fetus is at risk for a variety of difficulties. The difficulties consist of prematurity, low birth weight, infant respiratory, sleep disturbances and irritability during the fetus first three years. According to Sleigh (2005), “During the stress cortisol is released in preparation for a fight or flight response, the fetus needs cortisol for maturation of organs (lungs and kidneys) and stress may lead to greater amounts of cortisol that developing fetus needs”. During pregnancy, the mother stress can lead to the infant outcome such as fussiness, problems with attention and emotional reactivity. The stress can cause changes in
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(2008), “Rural women are more likely to experience adverse pregnancy outcomes than urban women”. In the rural areas, women receive delayed prenatal care, no prenatal care or receive less adequate care during their pregnancy. During pregnancy, women in rural areas where prenatal care is ultimately provided by the public health care providers. Pregnant women in rural areas were likely to have an incorrect target weight gain and their weight is insufficient compared to urban women. According to Madden et al. (2008), “It is likely that this contributed to the adverse health outcomes for both the mothers and their newborns”. However, these environmental influences can play a vital role in the growth and development of infant
(2008), “Rural women are more likely to experience adverse pregnancy outcomes than urban women”. In the rural areas, women receive delayed prenatal care, no prenatal care or receive less adequate care during their pregnancy. During pregnancy, women in rural areas where prenatal care is ultimately provided by the public health care providers. Pregnant women in rural areas were likely to have an incorrect target weight gain and their weight is insufficient compared to urban women. According to Madden et al. (2008), “It is likely that this contributed to the adverse health outcomes for both the mothers and their newborns”. However, these environmental influences can play a vital role in the growth and development of infant