Other articles, such as Bowersox 's and Calantone 's (1998) research, Executive Insights: Global Logistics, touches upon how the importance of information technology (IT) and logistics relevant to the importance and functioning of a sound global logistics system. The advances in IT, coupled with the lowering of trade barriers, allowed for the proliferation of globalization of products and/or services, which created the need for efficient and well managed global logistics systems that are supported by the advancements in IT for companies. For example, movements within the supply chains for companies have adopted new strategies to bring the product to the end consumers in the most efficient manner possible, such as Quick Response (QR) strategy. "Traditional practices such as building and positioning speculative inventories to accommodate marketing strategies are now replaced with more response-based logistical support strategies, such as just-in-time (JIT), just-in-time II (JIT II), quick response (QR), continuous replenishment, forecasting, collaborative planning and replenishment (Bowersox & Calantone, 1998). The article also highlights that the rise in globalization fostered the rise of third-party logistics (3PLs) firms, another key ingredient to the management of a global logistics system; due to the complexities that are associated with movements of goods through international borders, some companies such as these 3PLs may possess more competitive advantages that will assist their partners in adding value to their global supply
Other articles, such as Bowersox 's and Calantone 's (1998) research, Executive Insights: Global Logistics, touches upon how the importance of information technology (IT) and logistics relevant to the importance and functioning of a sound global logistics system. The advances in IT, coupled with the lowering of trade barriers, allowed for the proliferation of globalization of products and/or services, which created the need for efficient and well managed global logistics systems that are supported by the advancements in IT for companies. For example, movements within the supply chains for companies have adopted new strategies to bring the product to the end consumers in the most efficient manner possible, such as Quick Response (QR) strategy. "Traditional practices such as building and positioning speculative inventories to accommodate marketing strategies are now replaced with more response-based logistical support strategies, such as just-in-time (JIT), just-in-time II (JIT II), quick response (QR), continuous replenishment, forecasting, collaborative planning and replenishment (Bowersox & Calantone, 1998). The article also highlights that the rise in globalization fostered the rise of third-party logistics (3PLs) firms, another key ingredient to the management of a global logistics system; due to the complexities that are associated with movements of goods through international borders, some companies such as these 3PLs may possess more competitive advantages that will assist their partners in adding value to their global supply