To assess the association between frailty and each outcome, the multiple regression model will be tested, and adjusted by age, gender, surgical procedures, comorbidity (Elixhauser’s Comorbidity Measure), BMI, malnutrition (pre-operative serum albumin less than3.4 g/dL), and ASA scoring. Confirmation the predictive power of the standard assessment, analyzing the ASA scoring with and without REFS-Thai version, as measured by using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) from receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves will also be reported. The AUC analysis and predictability evaluation will be investigated. The AUC values ranged from 0 to 1.0; the AUC of 0.5 is equal to chance, 0.5-0.6 indicate a failed test, 0.6-0.7
