Argumentative Essay On Human Cognitive Development

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In the discussion on human cognitive development, one controversial issue has been egocentrism under the concept of theory of mind. On the one hand, early researchers like Piaget argue that children are only capable of understanding the world from their own perspectives. For instance, in Piaget’s book The Growth of Logical Thinking from Childhood to Adolescence (1958) he claims that young children do not achieve non-egocentric thought until the early school age period. On the other hand, a number of recent researchers have suggested that children
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In a study by Williams, O’Driscoll, & Moore (2014), they showed that very young children can have empathic concern for others – or concerned feelings for those in distress. The study involved fifty 5 and 6-year old Canadian children, who were randomly assigned to one of two conditions. In the conditions, the researchers selected two different videos to be played. Both videos begin with a young girl playing with her dog. In the experimental group, a negative emotion induction video was played, that shows the dog runs away and the makes posters for her lost dog and she is clearly upset while she narrates her story in sad tone. In the control group, the girl distributes yard sale posters while she narrates the video in a neutral tone and maintains neutral expressions. At the end of the two videos, the children in both groups were asked to express how the girl felt. The children were then shown the Facial Affective Scale, and asked to point to a face that showed how they thought the girl felt in the video. This emotion rating for the girl provides a measure of the children’s facility for empathic concern. The results confirmed that children possess empathic concern for others, as those shown the emotion induction video gave significantly more negative ratings than the control condition. In sum, very young children have shown empathic concern for

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