The article, “Effects of new smoking regulations in Italy” entails a research observation made in regards to the smoking ban in Italy that was placed into effect January 2005. The smoking ban put into place affected smoking in public areas, such as restaurants, cafes, airports, railways, and also included the workplace (public or private). It is pointed out within the article that Italy was the fourth European nation to adopt such laws. Furthermore, the research is conducted to measure the levels of consumption and gross sales both pre and post restriction.
In this research the hypotheses tested is the belief that the percentage of smoking, including individual smokers, would decline as a result of the smoking restriction in public places. …show more content…
They utilized a survey to acquire data from a collection of 3114 subjects (1511 men, and 1603 women) whom were aged 15 years and older, also representative of the general Italian population in terms of geographic area, sex, and socioeconomic status. The samples of adults were selected from 149 municipalities and all 20 Italian regions. Within each of the municipalities individuals were selected randomly from registered voter lists within the proper level of sex and age group. If selected individuals were unavailable, replacements were found within the same neighborhood from the same age and sex group. The article notes that for individuals who were not of voting age (15-17 years) were selected through ‘quota’ method, but more or less by the same means as the other selections. The survey was set to measure the attitudes towards smoking regulations with corresponding questions. In addition, some interview questions within the survey were based upon tobacco consumption, which was based upon the individual’s smoking status and the number of cigarettes they smoked per day. As it can be seen, the type of data used was survey and sales statistics. This research is of the multivariate type, thus it must possess a dependent and independent variable. In the case of this observation the dependent variable is identified as the percentage of smoking. While the independent variable is …show more content…
If the research design is historical then the use of timelines depicting European or worldwide smoke-free bans put into place will enhance it. This would give a wider range of dimensions given among the different periods of history and the various cultures giving a less biased result. If the research design is an interpreted type then the number of dimensions that were criticized prior would create a better situation. The reason for this can be seen in the fact that an interpreted design is limited to the interpreter, and with specific dimensions to measure attitudes about particular policy interpretation becomes strengthened. It would provide a stronger argument to push forward policy implications as one interpretation would be presented to favor the design. With each potential considered, a historical or interpretive research design would only benefit the research question wholly. Taking a removed observation of this research, through the use of an article, has revealed potential cases to argue in favor of smoke-free policies in other nations. Although the research is filled with different levels of bias it is structured enough to provide conclusive evidence. Ultimately, it allows for others to observe the potential fears or considerations of a society as a whole or even individuals of interest,
In this research the hypotheses tested is the belief that the percentage of smoking, including individual smokers, would decline as a result of the smoking restriction in public places. …show more content…
They utilized a survey to acquire data from a collection of 3114 subjects (1511 men, and 1603 women) whom were aged 15 years and older, also representative of the general Italian population in terms of geographic area, sex, and socioeconomic status. The samples of adults were selected from 149 municipalities and all 20 Italian regions. Within each of the municipalities individuals were selected randomly from registered voter lists within the proper level of sex and age group. If selected individuals were unavailable, replacements were found within the same neighborhood from the same age and sex group. The article notes that for individuals who were not of voting age (15-17 years) were selected through ‘quota’ method, but more or less by the same means as the other selections. The survey was set to measure the attitudes towards smoking regulations with corresponding questions. In addition, some interview questions within the survey were based upon tobacco consumption, which was based upon the individual’s smoking status and the number of cigarettes they smoked per day. As it can be seen, the type of data used was survey and sales statistics. This research is of the multivariate type, thus it must possess a dependent and independent variable. In the case of this observation the dependent variable is identified as the percentage of smoking. While the independent variable is …show more content…
If the research design is historical then the use of timelines depicting European or worldwide smoke-free bans put into place will enhance it. This would give a wider range of dimensions given among the different periods of history and the various cultures giving a less biased result. If the research design is an interpreted type then the number of dimensions that were criticized prior would create a better situation. The reason for this can be seen in the fact that an interpreted design is limited to the interpreter, and with specific dimensions to measure attitudes about particular policy interpretation becomes strengthened. It would provide a stronger argument to push forward policy implications as one interpretation would be presented to favor the design. With each potential considered, a historical or interpretive research design would only benefit the research question wholly. Taking a removed observation of this research, through the use of an article, has revealed potential cases to argue in favor of smoke-free policies in other nations. Although the research is filled with different levels of bias it is structured enough to provide conclusive evidence. Ultimately, it allows for others to observe the potential fears or considerations of a society as a whole or even individuals of interest,