Exercise, particularly endurance exercise, has salutary effects on brain health and cognitive function [27, 28, 29]. This upliftment in cognitive function with exercise has been most often appreciated in the aging community [30]. Exercise has also been reported to ameliorate outcomes in neurological diseases such as depression, epilepsy, stroke, AD, and Parkinson’s disease [31–36]. The beneficial effects of exercise on the brain are most discernible in the hippocampus and its dentate gyrus, which is a segment of the brain linked with learning and memory. The markedly favorable effects of exercise on the brain include increases in the size of and blood flow onto the hippocampus in humans, morphological variations in dendrites and dendritic spines,
